The review deals with the relevant problems of chronic endometritis diagnostics, which is the cause of infertility, unsuccessful attempts of in-vitro
fertilisation and miscarriage. The frequency of this pathology varies within 2.8-56.8% in women with infertility and 9.3-67.6% in patients with recurrent
miscarriages and amounts to 57.8% in missed pregnancies in medical history. The analysis of modern publications predominantly from E-library and PubMed
databases for the period 2012-2021 was carried out. The key points of etiopathogenesis, diagnostic methods, their possibilities and limitations were analysed.
The issues of the “gold standard” and new biomarkers for morphological verification of chronic endometritis were considered. An analysis of the literature
has shown that, despite complex diagnostic approaches, many aspects of the pathogenesis of this pathology are not completely clear, and pathoanatomical
diagnostic standards do not fully meet modern requirements.

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength and mass due to the natural ageing process of the body (primary) or a combination of sarcopenia with various
diseases (secondary). Despite its clinical significance, sarcopenia often remains unrecognised and aggravates the course of comorbid diseases. The review presents
analysis of scientific literature on sarcopenia diagnostic methods. Literatures from the E-Library.ru and PubMed databases published within the period of 1998-
2021 were used. The search was performed using the “sarcopenia” and “methods for diagnosing sarcopenia” keywords. Patients with sarcopenia have similar
symptoms with cachexia, fatty infiltration and inflammatory lesions of muscle tissue, which complicates differential diagnosis of this disease. The screening
methods for sarcopenia diagnosis include MSRA-7, MARS-5 questionnaires, Shinya Ishii method, SARC-F. The diagnosis of sarcopenia is established based on
instrumental methods (bioelectrical impedance analysis, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).

A literature review has been conducted examining the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of pro-inflammatory factor genes as predictors of
risk of developing and severity of acute pancreatitis. The review was conducted on the following databases: Pub Med, Scopus for the period from 2009 to
2021 according to the following keywords: acute pancreatitis, hereditary pancreatitis, severe acute pancreatitis, gene polymorphism, single nucleotide genes,
proinflammatory factors. A number of mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified, which are the main triggers or cofactors of
the initiation of both acute and chronic hereditary pancreatitis. The percentage of cases of idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis and idiopathic chronic
pancreatitis associated with genetic mutations is 30-60% and 12-43%, respectively. The following genetic variants of the cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene
- CFTR, SPINK1 and chymotripsin C (CTRC) - are most often associated with the development of pancreatitis. Inherited pancreatitis associated with gene
mutations has SPINK1 autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. When the mutant gene is expressed, the synthesis of a strong trypsin inhibitor prevents
premature activation of immature trypsinogen. Data are obtained that IL-6, IL-8, FNOα can activate NF kB transcription factor, inducing, thus, increase in
an expression 2 DRIED. It has been found that some COX 2 polymorphisms characterized by increased expression of this enzyme create prerequisites for the
progression of the inflammation process, and are possibly predictors of the development of severe acute pancreatitis.

The problem of high disability and mortality after aneurysmal hemorrhages has led to the fact that preventive exclusion of unruptured aneurysms
has been the standard of care for many years. Indications for complex operative intervention are equated to the possibility of functional independence loss.
The relevance of this study is due to the lack of data on the quality of life of patients after surgical treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in Russian
literature. Using the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar databases and the terms “quality of life and unruptured intracranial aneurysm”, articles from
1998 to 2019 were analysed. Patients’ awareness of the presence of cerebral aneurysms often impairs the quality of life, causes anxiety and depression, limits
their work and daily activities, and leads them to the choice of surgical intervention. Cultural-linguistic adaptation and validation of scales and questionnaires
on the quality of life after the treatment of unruptured brain aneurysms is a necessary measure for domestic research. This article outlines the modern ideas about the epidemiology and natural course of the disease, approaches to treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. Particular attention is devoted to the quality of life of patients after surgery.

The paper analyses the tactics of managing patients with malignant neoplasms in the pancreatobiliary area complicated by obstructive jaundice in two
nosologically and clinically comparable groups of patients.
The aim of the research. To evaluate the effectiveness of complex palliative treatment with the use of photodynamic therapy in patients with malignant
neoplasms in the pancreatobiliary area complicated by obstructive jaundice.
Material and methods. In the main group, which consisted of 41 patients, palliative complex treatment was carried out using local and systemic photodynamic
therapy of neoplasms in the pancreatobiliary area complicated by obstructive jaundice, purulent cholangitis. In the comparison group, which consisted of 165 patients, palliative complex treatment of complications was carried out without the use of photodynamic therapy. Complex palliative treatment in both
groups included the following surgical interventions: percutaneous transhepatic mono- and bilobar drainage of the bile ducts, stenting of the bile ducts under
ultrasound and X-ray control as well as bypass biliodigestive anastomoses. Symptomatic conservative treatment included infusion, detoxification, analgesic,
hepatoprotective and antibacterial therapy.
Results. Against the background of local and systemic photodynamic therapy in the main group, a decrease in the largest size of the neoplasm in patients
with malignant neoplasms of the pancreas from 42.5 mm to 38 mm within a week after treatment was established according to the data of multispiral
computed tomography of abdominal organs with intravenous bolus contrast. The largest neoplasm size decreased from 40.5 mm to 31 mm within a month
after treatment according to the ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavities. Restoration of bile excretion into the intestine in 100% of patients with
malignant neoplasms of the bile ducts and the head of the pancreas was registered, as well as an increase in life expectancy of patients by more than 1 year, a
decrease in the risk of complications due to a slowdown in the growth of neoplasms associated with a decrease in the concentration of the cytokine TNF-α.
Conclusion. Complex treatment with the use of photodynamic therapy of malignant neoplasms of the pancreatobiliary area allows reducing the largest size and rate of neoplasm invasion and to increase the survival rate of patients.

Treating bowel injuries is challenging. Although the failure of anastomosis or suture of the intestine remains a dangerous complication and multiplies in
conditions of peritonitis, multistage tactics before the tactics of maintaining intestinal continuity during the first operation is becoming an increasingly
preferred strategy.
The aim of the research. To evaluate the treatment results for delayed formation of the inter-intestinal anastomosis in patients with bowel injury complicated
by peritonitis.
Material and Methods. A total of 69 patients were enrolled in the study, among which 40 were included in the retrospective group and 29 were included into
the prospective group. All included patients underwent surgery for bowel injuries at the NCHKH 29 and at the NCHKH 1 within the period from 2011 to
2019. The patients’ mean age amounted to 33.4±9.2 years. A total of 35 patients were admitted with blunt trauma and 34 had stab wounds. The retrospective
group received treatment with bowel resection with application of anastomosis during the initial surgery while patients of the prospective group had their
anastomosis formation delayed to the time after peritonitis management. The postoperative course was analysed in regard to the frequency and severity of
postoperative complications and mortality. 
Results. Among the 69 patients, 78% had a small bowel injury and 47% had a colon injury. A total 39.1% of the lesions in the small intestine and 21.7% of
the lesions in the colon were treated with wound closure or bowel resection with primary anastomosis, regardless of the site of injury (p = 0.381). Mortality
was 33%, of which 47.5% in the control group and 13.8% in the comparison group. A severe course of the disease was noted in 32% and complications in
the abdominal cavity occurred in 32% of patients. The risk factors for severe course of the disease were formed intestinal stomas (p = 0.036), massive blood
loss (p = 0.005) and delayed seeking medical care (p = 0.023). The incidence of intestinal suture incompetence was 28.2%. All failures occurred in the early
postoperative period.
Conclusion. Multi-stage surgical tactics in treatment of patients with intestinal injury complicated by peritonitis should be the preferred option, regardless of
the site of injury – small or large intestine. The imposition of an intestinal stoma is an important factor in the development of postoperative complications,
which can be compared with the risk of an intestinal suture or anastomosis in peritonitis.

The aim of the research. To develop a method for predicting the degree of changes in the gallbladder wall in acute cholecystitis.
Material and methods. A single-stage study was performed on 105 patients with an established diagnosis of acute cholecystitis who underwent laparoscopic
cholecystectomy, comparable in age, gender and concomitant pathology. Upon admission to the hospital, the activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK),
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamiltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alkaline phosphatase was determined through the kinetic colorimetric method.
Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS Statistics 7.0 program in compliance with the principles of statistical analysis
adopted for research in biology and medicine.
Results. In patients with acute destructive cholecystitis, mean CPK values were 302.2±32.5 U/l (p <0.05) and LDH - 318.3±29.4 U/l (p <0.05), which is higher
than the values obtained in the group with acute non-destructive cholecystitis: CPK – 168.7±18.3 U/l (p <0.05) and LDH – 282.6±18.3 U/l (p <0.05). Along
with this, a direct correlation was revealed between an increase in the concentration of CPK, LDH and the degree of destructive process in the gallbladder
wall. At the same time, in patients with non-destructive cholecystitis, mean values were 340±116.9 U/l (p <0.05) for GGTP and 160.3±34.2 U/l (p <0.05) for
SCHF, which exceeds these values in the group of patients with acute destructive cholecystitis: GGTP was 70.5±18.5 U/l (p <0.05), and SCHF was 93.5±16.5
U/l (p <0.05). With progression of destructive processes in the gallbladder wall, the concentration of GGTP and alkaline phosphatase decreases.
Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, we have proposed a method for predicting development of destructive cholecystitis.

The aim of the research. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of extracorporeal selective endotoxin adsorption in complex treatment of sepsis
and septic shock in patients with surgical diseases, as well as in puerperas with obstetric complications or surgical problems.
Material and Methods. This pilot retrospective-prospective study without formation of a control group included 36 patients with sepsis (7) and septic shock
(29) against the background of surgical pathology and/or obstetric complications. The patients underwent 67 sessions of lipopolysaccharide sorption (LPS
sorption) using Alteco LPS adsorbers and the number of perfusions from one to three. The efficacy of the procedure was evaluated clinically and in the
laboratory with the determination of levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, presepsin and endotoxin activity assay (EAA).
Results. After one-three sessions of LPS sorption, the severity on the SOFA scale reliably decreased from 12 to 7 points (p=0.000) due to improvements in
cardiovascular (p=0.000), respiratory (p=0.001) and neurological indicators (p=0.041). There was a significant decrease in the percentage of rod-shaped
neutrophils, the level of procalcitonin and endotoxin activity (p=0.007, p=0.000, p=0.002). The mortality rate amounted to 17 out of 36 (47.2%). A direct positive
correlation was found between the lethal outcome and the timing of LPS sorption (r=0.432, p=0.024), as well as the presence of septic shock (r=0.324, p=0.050).
The later the procedure was performed, the more often lethal outcomes were noted, especially in septic shock. A direct positive dependence of mortality on the
need for vasopressor support before and after the procedure was established (r=0.446, p=0.007; r=0.653, p=0.000). The initial levels of procalcitonin, presepsin
and endotoxin activity were not considered to be statistically significant for predicting the results of extracorporeal selective sorption of endotoxin.
Conclusion. LPS sorption in sepsis and septic shock in addition to complex treatment significantly reduces the severity of multiple organ failure on the SOFA
scale by improving cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological parameters and leads to a significant decrease in the level of procalcitonin and endotoxin activity.
The earlier the procedure of extracorporeal selective sorption of endotoxin was initiated, the less lethal outcomes occurred.

The aim of the research. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the immediate results of organ-preserving anatomical resections and
pneumonectomy in elderly and senile patients with lung cancer.
Material and methods. The study included 126 patients over 60 years of age, who were divided into 2 groups depending on the extent of the surgical
intervention performed. Group A was represented by 63 patients who underwent organ-preserving anatomical resections and group B enrolled 63 patients after
pneumonectomy. The groups were formed through retrospective analysis of prospective data obtained from the electronic registry. In all cases, the comorbid
background was assessed, as well as options for preoperative correction of the concomitant pathology. In the postoperative period, the number and severity of
complications were assessed using the TMM (Thoracic Morbidity and Mortality) System, and an intergroup comparative statistical analysis was performed.
Results. According to the results of the study, postoperative complications among patients in group A were recorded in 22 (34.9%) cases, mortality was established in
4 (6.35%) patients. In group B, the number of complications and mortality were registered in 18 (28.6%) and 6 (9.52%) cases, respectively. Among the complications
registered in group A, the most common were prolonged air discharge through the drainage and cardiac arrhythmias. In the group after pneumonectomy,
complications associated with arrhythmia also prevailed, while the complication occurred statistically more often. Among the lethal outcomes in both groups, the
main cause was progressive cardiovascular insufficiency against the background of arrhythmia, as well as failure of the bronchus stump and suture.
Conclusion. Despite the absence of reliable differences in the total number of complications and mortality in the groups, there is a clear trend towards a higher
frequency of fatal complications in the group after pneumonectomy. A feature was noted in the continuing risk of mortality, regardless of the severity of the complication. Among patients after organ-preserving anatomical resections, reversible deviations from the normal course in the postoperative period prevail.
In addition, this extent of surgical intervention provides for better functionality and quality of life to elderly and senile patients.

The aim of the research. Determination of reserves for reducing infant mortality based on the results of its analysis.
Material and methods. An analysis of infant mortality dynamics in the Irkutsk Region for 2018-2020 was made as well as of medical documentation of 51
cases of death from external causes in the postneonatal period.
Results. In 2020, the structure of the causes of infant mortality has changed due to its increase from external causes, which took the first place in the
postneonatal period. Infant mortality outside medical institutions has a negative trend: 19.8% in 2018, 24.5% in 2019 and 25.1% in 2020. Analysis of medical
records revealed that children aged 1 to 3 months (52.9%) and 4 to 6 months (35.3%) died more often, being mostly full-term children (84.3%), among whom
27.9% were with intrauterine development delay. The largest number of deaths occurred from accidental suffocation at home – 86.3%. A total of 35 (68.6%)
children were brought up in families of high social risk, while 25 (71.4%) families were not registered by social protection authorities and were deprived of
the opportunity to receive social support.
Conclusion. The reduction of infant mortality from external causes largely depends on organisation of interdepartmental interaction of medical organisations
with bodies and institutions of the neglect prevention system for monitoring families in socially dangerous situations. For timely identification of families
of high social risk and the transfer of information to the custody and guardianship authority and the social protection management authority, medical
organisations must be staffed with social workers.

The aim of the research. To analyse the level of oxytocin in the blood serum of premature and full-term newborns in various types of feeding (according to
the Department of Pathology of Newborns and Premature Infants of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health).
Material and methods. A single-centre open-label prospective study including 24 preterm infants (at 26 to 36 weeks of gestation) and 14 full-term newborns
was carried out. The levels of oxytocin in the blood serum of the examined children on various types of feeding (breastfeeding and artificial) were analysed
in dynamics on days 5-6 and 11-12.
Results. It has been established that among full-term children, the average values of oxytocin did not have significant differences between the subgroups of
breastfeeding and artificial feeding and significantly exceeded the levels of oxytocin in premature infants. The most likely reason for the low level of OT should be
considered the higher vulnerability to multiple external influences (examinations and manipulations, temperature, humidity, incubator conditions, care specifics, etc.)
that accompany newborns with a small gestational age. Suppression of OT secretion at the stage of the general adaptation syndrome may be due to a pronounced
activation of the sympathetic-adrenal system in premature infants in response to the stress situation with an increase in the level of adrenaline and norepinephrine.
Analysis of the level of OT in premature infants in various types of feeding depending on body weight at birth in BF and AF showed an inverse relationship between
the level of the studied hormone and body weight at birth (the lower the birth weight, the higher the level of OT on the 5th-6th day of postnatal life).
Conclusion. In modern literature, data on the physiological effects of oxytocin and the participation of the hormone in the course of a number of pathologies
are being actively updated. New findings from recent studies point to the role of oxytocin not only in labour but also in multiple effects on the fetus and newborns. Maternal oxytocin can reach fetal neurons across both the placental and blood-brain barriers. At the same time, the physiological significance of
the influence of oxytocin on the brain and the dependence on the type of feeding in newborns are insufficiently studied and are a subject of discussion, but mainly in experimental studies.

The aim of the research. To study the features of cardiovascular system disorders in post-covid syndrome (PCS) in children and adolescents after a mild form
of coronavirus infection (COVID-19).
Material and methods. From 260 children and adolescents after a mild form of COVID-19, a total of 30 patients aged 7–17 years with cardiac manifestations
of PCS were selected. Therewith, 32 patients with an uncomplicated form of the disease were selected to form a comparison group. In 3 and 6 months
after disease onset, a comprehensive examination of patients was performed with a questionnaire on the subjective scale for MFI-20 assessment asthenia
(Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20), electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography; daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure. The biochemical
blood test included assay of creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB), troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
Results. The incidence of PCS with cardiac manifestations amounted to 11.5 %. After 3 months from the disease onset, complaints of pain and discomfort in
the chest, palpitations, fatigue, and poor exercise tolerance persisted. Asthenic syndrome was diagnosed in 70 % of patients. The “general asthenia” indicator
totalled14 [12; 16] points (p<0.001) and was associated with the age of patients (r=+0.5; p<0.05). Arrhythmic syndrome and conduction disorders were
detected in 67% of children. Labile arterial hypertension and hypotension occurred in 23 % of the adolescents. The increase in CPK-MB remained in 17%
of the children, LDH – in 10%. In the sixth month after the onset of the disease, there were no significant differences in the results of the examination in the
observation groups. However, a decrease in the level of resistance within 6 months was recorded in 43.3% of the schoolchildren with PCS (p<0.001).
Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the need for early verification of cardiopathies in children with COVID-19, determination of a set of therapeutic and
rehabilitation measures as well as ECG monitoring.

The aim of the research. To study the frequency and structure of cardiac arrhythmias in children.
Material and methods. Analysis of the results of 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring of 255 children who underwent outpatient and inpatient examinations at
the Irkutsk State Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital was carried out. The age of the patients ranged from 2 months to 18 years. For SCM-ECG, the following
devices were used: Holter-DMS (Russia), Card(X)plore (Hungary), Schiller MT-200 (Switzerland).
Results. The most common rhythm disturbances were supraventricular pacemaker migration (96%), 2nd degree sinoatrial blockade (86%), a combination
of supraventricular pacemaker migration, SA blockade and single supraventricular extrasystoles (21%). These arrhythmias belong to the first variant of the
syndrome of weakness of the sinus node associated with disorders of the autonomic nervous system. The second variant of the syndrome of weakness of the
sinus node was detected in 39.2%, the third variant was not detected in any child and variant 4 was found in 26.3% of the cases. Ectopic activity in the form of
supraventricular extrasystole was detected in 66%, ventricular extrasystole – in 15% of the children. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia was registered
in 6% of cases, ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia – in 1.2% of the children. Atrioventricular blockade of the 1st degree was detected in 16%, 2nd degree of
the 1st type – in 7.5%, 2nd degree of the 2nd type – in 3.1%, 3rd degree – in 0.8% of the examined children. The WPW syndrome occurred in 3.5% of the
cases, long QT syndrome – in 1.6%, atrial fibrillation and flutter – in 0.8% of the cases. Thus, life-threatening arrhythmias were detected in 49 children (19%).
Conclusion. A variety of forms of rhythm and conduction disturbances, which are often life-threatening and can lead to sudden cardiac death, is characteristic
for both children and adults

In Russia in 2017, according to the Rosstat data, ectopic pregnancy in the structure of maternal mortality was 8.10%, and in 2018 it decreased by 2
times, amounting to 4.18%. The frequency of rare forms of ectopic pregnancy reaches 5-8.3%, and the course is characterised by massive bleeding, often with
a fatal outcome. The article describes rare cases of ectopic pregnancy that have occurred in our clinical practice and were interrupted at the terms of 13 and 15-16 weeks with a favourable outcome, which will be interesting not only for practicing obstetricians and gynaecologists, but also doctors of other specialties. The difficulties in the diagnosis, as well as the tactics of management and surgical treatment of these patients are described.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign vascular tumour, mainly in young patients. There are several theories regarding the origin of this
type of tumour, but the accepted treatment tactic is radical removal. The complexity of surgical intervention is associated with pronounced vascularisation
of the formation, which leads to severe intraoperative blood loss. The development of surgical techniques from open resections to endoscopic interventions
made it possible to reduce the volume of blood loss and the next step was the use of preoperative arterial embolisation of the tumour. Our clinical example demonstrates the safety and efficacy of simultaneous implementation of JNA embolisation and endoscopic resection under intraoperative MSCT control.

The article presents analysis of modern literature data on risk factors and pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Despite numerous
studies, it has not been possible so far to formulate a unified concept of the pathogenesis and etiology of PCOS. This lecture considers mechanisms of PCOS development. The role of impaired steroidogenesis in the adrenal glands and ovaries in PCOS is observed. The focus is assigned to insulin resistance that is likely involved in the development of reproductive PCOS phenotype and might m ediate on some of the changes in ovarian morphology seen in this disease. It has beenshown that not only hereditary factors lead to the development of this syndrome, but also lifestyle, physical activity and concomitant somatic diseases.

In this work, intracellular vesicles (MVs) of breast cancer were studied. These vesicles are a source of potential targets for breast cancer therapy.
This study shows that MVs carry functional metabolic enzymes and provides a framework for future studies of their biological role in BC and potential in
therapeutic applications.

The paper describes a new radiopharmaceutical for diagnosis of lung cancer obtained on the basis of a radiolabeled 11C oligonucleotide and the study of its effectiveness
in-vivo. As a result of the synthesis, an aptamer to lung cancer containing 11С in the 3'-position was obtained and remained stable for 60 minutes. Prior to xenotransplantation of
human lung cancer cells, the mice were immunosuppressed. Tumour volumes and locations were monitored using PET/CT. The study of accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical
in the organs of mice in vivo has shown that the 11C-labeled lung cancer aptamer specifically binds to lung cancer cells. A radiopharmaceutical based on 11C-labeled LC aptamer
against lung cancer is a promising drug for lung cancer diagnosing

The effectiveness of targeted delivery of cisplatin conjugate with arabinogalactan to ascitic Ehrlich carcinoma in vivo using the target ligand, the
AS42 aptamer, was studied in this work. Studies conducted on male ICR mice with ascitic Ehrlich carcinoma. Antitumor therapy was carried out with
cisplatin and an arabinogalactan-platinum complex (AG-Pt) and an AG-Pt complex modified with aptamers to ascitic Ehrlich carcinoma cells. The toxicity
of drugs was determined on the basis of biochemical parameters of blood in healthy mice after 5-fold administration. In our studies, cisplatin treatment
of Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma for 2 weeks led to the death of 6 out of 10 animals. The toxicity of the AG-Pt complex and the AG-Pt complex modified with
the aptamer was not revealed. The number of tumor cells during therapy with cisplatin conjugates decreased by 10 times compared with the control. А new
promising antitumor drug based on the standard drug cisplatin, which is more effective and less toxic, was presented in the work.

Oligonucleotide aptamers seem to be promising delivery vehicles addressing boron compounds to tumour cells for boron neutron capture therapy
(BNCT). Here, we report the first example of using 2'-F-RNA aptamer specific to human glioblastoma cells as a delivery agent for boron clusters, which
provides cell internalisation sufficient for the BNCT model.

We studied the effectiveness of magnetomechanical therapy in the treatment of brain glial tumors using magnetic nanodiscs functionalized with
DNA aptamers to human brain tumor glial cells. • Materials and methods. The formation of a model of human glioblastoma was carried out by intracranial
injection of tumor cells of glioblastoma obtained from a patient with glioblastoma. Antitumor therapy was carried out using nanodiscs modified with the
Gli233 aptamer. The growth of the glial tumor was monitored using NMR tomography. • Results and discussion. Therapy of a glial tumor during 4 sessions of
magnetomechanical therapy using a "smart" nanoscalpel in MF (10Hz, 100Oe) led to a significant reduction in its size, while glial tumors in mice that were
treated with nanodiscs modified with nonspecific aptamers continued to increase in size. • Conclusion. Microsurgery using three-layer magnetic nanodisks
with a quasi-dipole structure (Au/Ni/Au) modified with the specific for glial cells Gli233 aptamer (“smart” nanoscalpel) is effective for the treatment of human
glial tumors in the brain.

The aim of this study was to examine 3D structures of DNA aptamers, thrombin inhibitors. •The main objective was to study 3D structure 15TBA,
RE31, NU172 aptamers using the small-angle X-ray scattering method. The size of 15TBA was 4.5 nm, which corresponds to a partially unfolded conformation.
The CD spectrum of Nu172 in the presence of 50 mM strontium ions indicates the presence of an antiparallel G-quadruplex, the concentration o
f which drops at 50°C. NU172 does not have a rigid structure, apparently due to the presence of a guanine residue in the GT loop. The NU172 aptamer does
not form a stable conformation in solution either without ions or with Ba2+ and Sr2+ ions. • It was shown that there is possibility of aptamers transition from
one conformation to another dependently on concentration and temperature confirms that the potassium ion is a unique stabilizing ion of natural molecules
containing G-quadruplexes.

This paper describes a novel combined approach to targeting GBM with multiple RNA-based therapeutics. Overall, the results demonstrate the
good potential of a smart safe and clinically applicable combined regimen for the treatment of glioblastoma, opening up a new avenue in the treatment of
this aggressive disease.

Here we evaluated the ability of superparamagnetic ferroarabinogalactan nanoparticles functionalized with RGD peptide (an integrin receptor
ligand) to accelerate the repair of a cranial vault defect under the influence of a low-frequency alternating magnetic field. A defect of the cranial vault was
used as a model of a bone injury, which is usually used on rodents, since the structure of the cranial vault allows creating a standardized burr hole that can
be analyzed using histological and radiographic analysis. Functionalization of ferroarabinogalactans with the RGD peptide was performed by incubation of
ferroarabinogalactans with the peptide. The study of the effectiveness of magnetomechanical transduction in vivo was carried out on 8-week-old male ICR
mice. Magnetomechanical stimulation of bone tissue caused regeneration in the group of animals treated with FeAG functionalized with the RGD peptide
(the cranial defect was practically restored after 7 days). At the same time, in the groups of control animals, the restoration of the bone defect did not occur
during this time. After 2 weeks of magnetomechanical therapy, cranial vault defects in the animals of the experimental group were completely restored. Mice
in the control groups did not recover. Ferroarabinogalactans effectively restore bone defects in a low-frequency magnetic field.