Reparative regeneration is one of the key problems in traumatology and orthopaedics. Despite the fact that bone regeneration is a self-regulatory
physiological process of bone formation, complex clinical conditions require additional enhancement of bone regeneration – either local or systemic. This
review provides a concise description of main stages of reparative regeneration. The search was performed in PubMed and e-LIBRARY databases among papers published between 2000 and 2021. Main strategies presently used for acceleration of bone tissue regeneration and limitations of their application are presented. This review gives a detailed description of one of the most promising means for bone tissue regeneration enhancement. Namely, magnetomechanic transduction of magnetic nanoparticles using functionalised targeted agents in an alternating magnetic field that induces osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilisation and the development of cardiovascular complications. Suppression
of its activity in order to reduce residual inflammatory risk in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remains an urgent and unresolved problem to the date. Over the recent years, evidence of the effectiveness of such an approach in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease has been obtained. The purpose of this review was to analyse modern literature on the effect of anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine on the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. The review was carried out using the search for papers published in the PubMed and ClinicalTrials databases within the period from 2007 to 2021. The search was carried out using the keywords «colchicine», «inflammation», «atherosclerosis», «coronary heart disease» and «acute coronary syndrome». The anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects of colchicine are discussed. The paper presents results of studies devoted to the use of colchicine in chronic and acute coronary syndrome, including the key ones LoDoCo2 (2020) and COLCOT (2019) which provided evidence of the effect of the drug on the disease outcome. The issues of safety and prospects of colchicine application in clinical practice for reduction of the residual inflammatory risk in patients with
coronary heart disease are addressed.

Hyponatremia (HN) is one of the most important water-electrolyte disorders in clinical practice. A decrease in sodium levels leads to various
complications, including neurological ones. One of the important etiological factors of HN is the intake of a number of drugs. The purpose of the review was to analyze data on those drugs, the intake of which is associated with the development of DI GN, its pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, methods of treatment and prevention. The search for the specified keywords was carried out in the databases eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed®, MEDLINE, EMBASE, manuals and methodological recommendations, materials of databases of adverse reactions, instructions for the medical use of drugs in the period from 1971 to 01.07.2021. According to the results obtained, the main culprit drugs include thiazide diuretics, antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, antineoplastic drugs. The incidence of HN during the use of antidepressants reaches 40%, with the use of oxcarbazepine occurs in 73.3% of patients. Most often, these drugs lead to HN by the development of a syndrome of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. During the review, it was found that drugs from a wide variety of groups lead to the development of HN, the mainstay of treatment is drug withdrawal and restriction of fluid intake, and for prevention, dynamic monitoring of sodium levels is required.

The article provides information on immunopathology in sepsis and the commonality between immunopathogenetic processes of sepsis and the
new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). As a result of the inability of the immune system to cope with aggression of the pathogen, inadequate immune activity occurs manifested by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, resulting in damage to tissues of the host organism. In response, compensatory antiinflammatory response syndrome is activated, which is manifested by inhibition of the immune response. One of its main mechanisms is signals produced by membrane receptors and their ligands. Against the background of inability of the host organism to neutralise the pathogen, numerous pathological phenomena and complications occur leading to damage to human tissues.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a form of non-psychotic disorder that develops after childbirth with negative consequences for physiological,
social and psychological development of the children. The global prevalence of PPD today equals approximately 17.22%. However, almost one half of all cases remain undetected. Healthcare providers can help to reduce the prevalence of PPD by identifying and educating women about the risks and treatment of PPD. The review is the first Russian-language study of systematic selection and qualitative synthesis of the studies in the field of nursing staff knowledge about PPD published from January 2000 to November 2020. The search was conducted in such eligible databases as MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, Cinahl, eLIBRARY using the keywords “postpartum depression”, “knowledge”, “detection of postpartum depression”. As a result of the search, it was revealed that knowledge on postpartum depression was superficial in over one half of the midwives and nurses participating in the reviewed studies (n=1777). This result indicates the need to develop and implement training programmes for prevention of postpartum depression among medical personnel. The small amount of unique results underlines the need for further research on the knowledge of postpartum depression among midwives and nurses

Glial tumours are among the most common primary brain tumours of neuroectodermal origin characterised by infiltrative growth and widespread
invasion of tumour cells into healthy tissue. A highly demanded method for therapy of such tumours may become magnetomechanical microsurgery substituting the scalpel with the «nanoscalpel» consisting of: (1) nanostructures converting the magnetic moment into the mechanical one, and (2) targeted ligands. Suitable structures for the nanoscalpel are magnetic disks with a high degree of saturation magnetisation and absent remanent magnetisation. The search for publications dated 1992-2021 was carried out in the PubMed and e-LIBRARY databases. The search keywords were «magnetic discs», «glial tumors», «microsurgery» and «magnetomechanical transduction». This review discusses biological effects of magnetic disks, their mechanism of action and toxicity. It has been concluded that a «nanoscalpel» remotely controlled using a magnetic field may become an effective and safe tool for microsurgery of glial brain tumours.

Aim of study. To evaluate the influence exerted by additional use of a fixed combination of folic acid with pyridoxine hydrochloride and cyanocobalamin in
complex therapy for hospitalised patients with COVID-19-associated lung damage on parameters of inflammation and clinical outcomes.
Material and methods. A comparative prospective interventional study included 117 patients with a lung lesion volume caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus corresponding to CT-1 and CT-2. The study group included 78 patients who additionally received a fixed combination of 5mg folic acid, 4mg pyridoxine hydrochloride, and 6μg cyanocobalamin three times a day in combination with standard therapy. The comparison group included 39 patients.
Results. By days 14-21 of hospitalisation, the main group showed a decrease in the proportion of patients with CT symptoms of “cobblestone appearance”
by 26% (p = 0.005) and an increase in the proportion of patients with transformation of viral lung lesions into areas of consolidation of the pulmonary parenchyma by 23% (p <0.001). The effect of a fixed combination of folic acid with vitamins B6, B12 on the achievement of the level of C-reactive protein <20 mg / l by day 7 depending on the red blood parameters and the number of platelets was established (likelihood ratio test in the logistic regression model: 13.925; P = 0.084) as well as the shortening of the time period required to reach the first negative result of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA test (in the linear regression model, R = 0.437; R2 = 0.191; F = 4.552; p = 0.006).
Conclusion. The use of a fixed combination of folic acid with vitamins B6, B12 for patients with COVID-19 is associated with earlier achievement of positive
dynamics in CT symptoms of lung damage. The additional use of these micronutrients in combination with restoration of red blood count and platelet count improves the odds ratio of an early decrease in serum C-reactive protein, negative result of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA test.

Aim of study. To evaluate the role of the CD27/CD70 signalling pathway in development of systemic inflammatory response in patients with pneumonia
associated with influenza A (H1N1).
Material and methods. A total of 85 patients with pneumonia associated with influenza A (H1N1) were examined. Among them, 30 patients had severe
pneumonia and 55 patients had non-severe pneumonia. The patients’ age was 48±15 years. Men accounted for 47.8% and women 52.2% of the sample. The
exclusion criteria were: unstable haemodynamics, BMI>30, diabetes mellitus, HIV, tuberculosis, oncopathology. The control group was constituted by 15
healthy donors. The diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) was confirmed by a positive PCR test. The CURB / CRB-65 scales were used to diagnose and assess the severity of pneumonia; SMART-COP as well as the Federal Clinical Guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation «Community-acquired pneumonia in adults» 2019 and the IDSA / ATS criteria (in the presence of one «major» or three «minor» criteria, the pneumonia was regarded as «severe»). The plasma level of CD27 was evaluated via flow cytometry using the Beckman Coulter analyser (USA) using the LEGENDplex™ HU Immune Checkpoint Panel 1 Beckman Coulter (USA) kit for multiplex analysis.
Results. It has been established that the plasma level of CD27 increased 1.8-fold in patients with severe pneumonia and underlying influenza A (H1N1) and
1.5-fold in patients with non-severe pneumonia compared to the control group, which is associated with the severity of the condition and the mortality rate.
Conclusion. The CD27/CD70 signalling pathway is actively involved in the cascade of innate and adaptive immunity reactions in patients with pneumonia
associated with influenza A (H1N1). CD27 activity is associated with the severity of the disease and the increase in mortality

The aim of the research. To evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic low-molecular interferon inducers in children with Epstein-Barr viral infection.
Material and methods. The study included 68 children aged 7 to 17 years with primary Epstein-Barr viral infection: 38 children in the main group received
basic therapy against the primary form of Epstein-Barr viral infection in age-specific dosages in combination with a synthetic low-molecular interferon
inducer; 30 children of the control group received the conventional basic therapy with age-specific dosages.
Results. It has been established that clinical manifestation of Epstein-Barr viral infection is based on immunopathological inflammation mediated by the
factors of cellular immunity. As a result of the therapy, 78.95 % of children in the main group had a normal rate of functional recovery of the liver. In the
control group, however, the recovery was delayed in 60.00 % of children: rapid recovery was only noted in the main group. Administration of synthetic lowmolecular weight interferon inducers in addition to basic symptomatic therapy facilitated the reduction of intoxication symptoms duration by 4.7±1.9 days (p < 0.05) and the duration of the icteric period by 5.3±0.9 days (p < 0.05), as well as 5.1±1.3 days earlier normalisation of liver size (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. Thus, the use of synthetic low molecular weight interferon inducers in combination with basic therapy against the primary form of Epstein-Barr viral infection in children contributes to a faster restoration of the functional state of the liver. The conducted clinical and biochemical studies indicate high efficiency of synthetic low molecular weight interferon inducers in the complex therapy of Epstein-Barr viral infection in children.

Aim of study. To study the total level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19).
Material and мethods. A total of 82 children aged 0-17 diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Depending on the severity of clinical symptoms,
all children were divided into three groups according to the COVID-19 severity: asymptomatic, mild and moderate. The serum level of vitamin D in all
patients was tested via the immunochemical method.
Results. It was found that children with SARS-CoV-2 infection had lower serum level of vitamin D (29.92 [22.22; 28.07] ng/ml) as compared with the control group (36.43 [32.05; 44.08] ng/ml; p<0.001). A total of 90% of the children with SARS-CoV-2 infection were diagnosed with insufficiency or deficiency of vitamin D (<30 ng/ml). Only 10 % of the patients had normal levels of vitamin D. The insufficiency of vitamin D was found more often amongst children aged 0-11 and deficiency of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D was more common for children aged 12-17. The difference in serum levels of vitamin D depending on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection was not found. Male children with SARS-CoV-2 infection showed lower levels of vitamin D (p=0.013).
Conclusion. A total of 90 % of the children with SARS-CoV-2 infection had insufficiency or deficiency of vitamin D regardless of the severity of clinical
symptoms.

Aim of study. To reduce the rate of recurrence after diastasis suturing.
Material and methods. The study included 86 female patients. Abdominal volumes and diastasis levels were assessed. The presence of diastasis of rectus abdominis was confirmed (physically and by additional instrumental research methods: ultrasound of the anterior abdominal wall and electromyography of the direct abdominal muscles). All patients were divided into 4 groups based on the level of diastasis. In group 1, aponeurosis was normal, diastasis of the direct abdominal muscles was not observed. In group 2, diastasis of the direct abdominal muscles was observed in the epigastric region (from the xiphoid process to the navel, diastasis suturing was performed in the defect region). In group 3, diastasis of the direct abdominal muscles was observed in the hypogastrium (from the umbilicus to the womb, suturing of the diastasis was performed in the defect region). In group 4, diastasis was observed in straight abdominal muscles along the entire white abdominal line (from the umbilicus to the womb, diastasis suturing was performed in the defect area).
Results. The surgery utilised a differential approach to diastasis suturing depending on the level of diastasis. In the long term, there was no relapse in the relapse groups. Improvement in the functional state of the anterior abdominal wall was also noted by the patients after surgery. A year after the intervention, patients underwent a survey and indicated a significantly smaller chronic pain syndrome in the umbilical ring and white line as well as significant improvement of cosmetic satisfaction.
Conclusion. Application of differential approach and additional instrumental examination in the preoperative period (ultrasound examination of the anterior
abdominal wall and electromyography of direct abdominal muscles) reduces the frequency of postoperative relapse of diastasis

The human hand is a unique tool, without which daily life is impossible. Violation of internal structures integrity leads to disturbance of connections
and to functional impairments. Injuries, genetic diseases, infections – all these are but a few among many causes of pathology development. Mechanical damage occupies a separate place in this classification since damage is suffered by several structures. Statistically, the damage to internal components of the hand ranges from 1.9% to 18.8%. A clinical case describing observation of a patient with severe hand injury with damage to flexor tendons of the fingers, muscles of the hypothenar and violation of neurovascular bundle integrity obtained by the profiled sheeting is presented. The tactics of surgical treatment is subdivided into the general and the special ones. The general tactics consists in primary surgical treatment of the wound, the special one is decided upon drawing on the intraoperative data. Unfortunately, it was not possible to obtain data of long-term outcomes since the communication with the patient was lost. The case described below demonstrates the need to perform these surgical interventions on an emergency basis and improve knowledge in the field of hand surgery.

Urinary stone disease (urolithiasis, UL) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world affecting almost 3% of the population, mainly people of
working age from 40 to 50 years, which determines the relevance of a comprehensive study of this disease. Meanwhile, few works devoted to the interrelation between UL and renal abnormalities have been published. The unusual nature of angioarchitectonics, location, shape, structure, number of kidneys and upper urinary tract make it difficult to perform both open and endoscopic surgery thus preconditioning the reduction of their effectiveness and increasing the number of complications. In recent years, the number of indications for open stone surgery has significantly decreased. Percutaneous surgery has become widely used in endourology, including treatment of abnormal kidneys. However, the issues of percutaneous nephrolitolapaxy (PCNL) in kidney abnormalities have not been completely resolved yet. The article presents a clinical case of successful percutaneous nephrolitolapaxy of complete coral-shaped kidney stone (Class 4) in a patient with lumbar renal dystopia.

The aim of the research. To conduct a cluster analysis of the assessment profile of students who participated in work of medical organisations providing care to COVID-19 patients to develop recommendations for its correction.
Material and methods. The study was carried out at the premises of Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (KrasSMU). The study group was constituted by 66 students in 3-6 years of study of the Medical and the Paediatric faculties of the University who took part in activities of medical organisations providing healthcare to patients with COVID-19. The items were presented in the form of binary questions and ranking scales. The analysis of qualitative attributes was carried out in the form of relative values with calculation of the standard error of the proportion. For ranking and nonparametric quantitative characteristics, the mode, median, centiles (Me [P25; P75]) and other nonparametric criteria for comparative statistics and communication statistics were used. For segmentation of respondents according to some criteria, depending on the answers, the method “two-step cluster analysis” and the method of “decision tree” were used.
Results. The results of the study indicate a high motivational component related to practical medical activity of medical students during the difficult
epidemiological situation since 94.1% of the respondents declared the readiness to support practical healthcare. Almost half of the surveyed 47.0% of students included in cluster 2, in contrast to students of clusters 1 and 3, are characterised by a high opinion on the degree of their contribution to the struggle against the COVID-19 epidemic and a high level of knowledge and skills, rating themselves at about 9.0 points out of 10 possible. In addition, the results of the study indicate an association between the level of students’ self-esteem in regard to their contribution to the fight against COVID-19 with the level of the students’ self-esteem of knowledge and skills and the duration of work in a medical organisation.
Conclusion. The analysis performed has made it possible to formulate guidelines for support of medical students’ professional attitudes within the framework of practice-oriented education, including distance learning.

The article casts light upon the creative path of an outstanding surgeon from Krasnoyarsk Region, a honorary professor of Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University dedicated to the 90th anniversary from the date of his birth (23 September 1931). Under M.I Gulman’s guidance in
tandem with Yu.S. Vinnik, the scientific-practical school of surgeons of the Krasnoyarsk Region productively operating to the date was established, over 100 candidate theses and 23 doctoral theses have been defended. Marx Izrailevich Gulman was the founder of X-ray endovascular surgery in Krasnoyarsk and Krasnoyarsk Region. A total of 11 monographs, over 400 scientific papers on issues of abdominal surgery were written by the scientist, pedagogue and surgeon M.I. Gulman. The article presents the key information regarding his biography, milestones in the history of development of the Department of General Surgery within the period of 1980-2014. The most important scientific and practical achievements and awards are presented.

The paper is dedicated to the memory of a famous scientist, a paediatrician, a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
Orekhov Konstantin Vladimirovich, who made a significant contribution to the development of paediatrics at Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk and Stavropol state
medical universities. K. V. Orekhov was one of the organisers and the first director of Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North, the founder of
new scientific directions in healthcare for the population of the Far North.