For several entities of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors are the basis for the socalled
personalized or precision therapy and have become the standard of care in the first- and second-line setting.
In previously untreated NSCLC patients with activating EGFR-mutation, ALK or ROS1 translocation status, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) replace the
chemotherapy and are the new standard of care.
In previously untreated patients with a high level of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), pembrolizumab leads to significantly longer PFS, longer OS,
and fewer adverse events than platinum-based chemotherapy regardless the histologic subtype.
In previously treated patients with squamous carcinoma, nivolumab is the new standard of care, independent of PD-L1 expression.
In the future, combination therapies have to be proved, whether they are more effective than monotherapy.

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