In recent decades there has been substantial progress in the technology of premature infants nursing, especially with extremely low birth weight. Adequate feeding is one of the fundamental factors of premature babies nursing. To ensure a premature baby with all necessary components for power saving in breast milk intake, breast milk enriches - specifically developed additives that adjust the composition of food for premature babies, are used for more than 20 years (for premature babies receiving breast milk). It should be noted that the body mass of a premature patient is far from the body mass of a healthy full-term infant. In this connection a question arises as to for how long premature infants require a certain feeding regime with special foods? According to dates of contemporary literature possible causes of premature birth, feeding features of premature infants, basic principles which define nutritive needs of those infants, and their physical development assessment are reflected in the article.

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Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among the population. To select the individual approach to therapy and determine the probability of development the complications of the cardiovascular system it is required early diagnosis of acute situations. Traditional diagnostic methods are not sensitive enough to detect the initial stages of the disease. The purpose of the review - to introduce the prospects for the innovative microfluidic technology for the detection of low-copy protein biomarkers in cardiovascular disease, the study of mechanisms of myocardial and vascular system pathogenesis, design and definition the cardiac toxicity of new drugs

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Aim of the research. To study the structure of traffic accidents with fatal consequences in Krasnoyarsk and its suburbs for 2014-2015 based on the results of retrospective analysis of medical examinations and forensic examinations of the KGBUZ KKBSME and the district forensic departments of the villages of Berezovka and Yemelyanovo for 2014-2015.
Material and methods. For the first time it were obtained the data on the structure of dead in the accidents for 2014-2015 in this administrative center of the subject of the Russian Federation, the comparative analysis with the data received in 2012-2013 is made.
Results. In Krasnoyarsk and its suburbs in 2014-2015 in comparison with 2012-2013 the proportion of men who died in the traffic accidents gradually decreases, the number of fatalities in the daytime increased, and fatal injuries continue to prevail among the working-age population.
Conclusion. In the structure of the dead among active participants in traffic accidents (pedestrians and drivers), the number of dead pedestrians prevails.

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The aim of the research. To examine the psychological status and life quality of patients with different forms of atrial fibrillation (AF).
Material and methods. The study included 90 patients with AF having cardiovascular disease (CVD) (46 patients with persistent AF and 44 patients with paroxysmal AF) and 45 patients with CVD without AF (control group). All patients underwent standard cardiological examination
(clinical examination, ECG, echocardiogram, HM ECG). Neuropsychological status was assessed based on the depression scale Tsung, situational scale (SS) and trait anxiety (LT) Spielberger-Hanin, quality life assessment scale (QL) the SF-36. To compare the samples, it was used the Student’s t-test in the case of the normal distribution and the Mann-Whitney test in the case of a distribution that does not correspond to the normal distribution. The critical value of the level of statistical significance in the verification of null hypotheses was assumed to be 0.05. To identify the relationship between quantitative characteristics, a correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. 
Results. True depression were not found in patients. The signs of mild depression situational or neurotic genesis were found in 7 (5%) patients, the signs of subdepressive state - in 3 (2%) patients. The level of anxiety was higher in patients with AF compared with those without AF. Situational anxiety prevails in patients with permanent AF, and trait anxiety in patients with paroxysmal AF. QL in patients with atrial fibrillation
is reduced by a physical (PCH), and so on psychological (MCH) component. PCH decrease in the group with permanent AF, MCH decrease in the group with paroxysmal AF. We found that higher levels of anxiety and depression, the worse the quality of life on psychological and physical components.
Conclusion. Development of anxiety and depressive disorders occurs in patients with atrial fibrillation, regardless of the form of AF. Such psycho-emotional disorders impair the quality life in patients with AF.

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The aim of the research. To identify the relationship of markers of renal dysfunction with other biochemical and instrumental indicators in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of ischemic etiology.
Material and methods. The study included 133 patients with CHF, they had myocardial infarction (MI) and percutaneous intervention. Depending on the type of MI, the patients were divided into groups: with Q-wave and without Q-wave. Patients had clinical examination and echocardiography. The following biomarkers were measured by enzyme immunoassay: lipocalin, associated with neutrophil gelatinase (NGAL), cystatin C, galectin-3 and N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the formula Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI).
Results. Patients with MI with Q-wave had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and a higher NT-proBNP concentration (p <0.01), but the concentrations of renal dysfunction biomarkers between the groups did not differ. Most patients in groups 1 and 2 had GFR <90 mL / min / 1.73 m2 (median was 77 and 75, respectively). Correlation analysis revealed weak and moderate positive correlations in pairs: NGAL-galectin-3, NGAL-NT-proBNP for group 1; cystatin C-pressure in the pulmonary artery (PAP), cystatin C-scale Syntax for group 2. GFR statistically significant decreased with increasing of concentrations of NT-proBNP and PAP (r = -0.210, -0.219, respectively, p <0.05) in patients with MI with Q-wave and with a decrease in LVEF (r = 0.330, p <0, 05) in patients with MI without a Q-wave.
Conclusion.The parameters of renal dysfunction significantly correlate with echocardiographic and coronaroangiographic parameters in patients with CHF and MI. Cystatin C, NGAL and GFR are associated with biomarkers of myocardial stress and fibrosis in patients with MI with Q-wave.

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The aim of the research. To estimate the prognostic properties of changes in the concentration of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the blood plasma of patients with cardiovascular pathology in relation to the course of the disease and the effectiveness of the therapy.
Material and methods. The study involved patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques, signed informed consent for the processing of the data. Patients were hospitalized for examination and treatment of IHD in the cardiology department of the Hospital INC SB RAS. Laboratory and instrumental examination and analysis of the level of free circulating mitochondrial DNA of blood serum was carried out by real-time PCR (copies / ml). The results of hospitalization,
assessed as satisfactory, are compared with the level of mtDNA before and after treatment.
Results. The mean value of the mtDNA level before and after treatment in cardiac patients is significantly different - 1093686 copies / ml against 418046 copies / ml, respectively (p = 0.02). Unlike women, the level of mtDNA in men is statistically significant (p = 0.03) decreases after treatment. Statistically significant differences in mtDNA levels before and after treatment were found depending on the series of determinations (p = 0.0010) according to the Kruskal-Wallis rank test.
Conclusion. The results of the proposed research will allow to identify prognostic factors of cell damage and plaque destabilization in endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and its complications, to conduct clinical approbation of the method of predicting cellular injuries in chronic ischemia against the background of atherosclerosis.

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 Kireeva VV, Lifshitz GI, Apartsin KA. Translational research tolerance factors in damage to the vessel wall and its regenerative potential. Materials Intern. scientific-practical. Conf. "Science in the modern information society", 28-29 August 2014; North Charleston, USA: 42-44. (In Russian).

The aim of the research. To study the effect of epicardial obesity (EO) on the formation of metabolic phenotypes of obesity (MPO), and also to assess the prognostic significance of various obesity criteria in the formation of cardiovascular risk (CVR)
Material and methods. The study included men with arterial hypertension (AH) and the absence of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis of any localization, type 2 diabetes. The subjects were divided into two groups, depending on the MPO for epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) and body mass index (BMI). The groups were evaluated by the main and additional cardiometabolic risk factors (RF), neurohumoral activity of epicardial fat (EF), as well as the assessment of coronary artery (CA) atherosclerosis by the method of multispiral computed tomography
(MSCT) and brachiocephalic arteries (BCA) in duplex scanning. EATT was determined by the method of echocardiography (echocardiography).
Results. A significant interrelation of EO with insulin resistance (IR), subclinical atherosclerosis of coronary and brachiocephalic arteries was revealed. The low prognostic significance of waist circumference (WC) and BMI in the formation of cardiometabolic risk has been established.
Conclusion. EO has a significant effect on the formation of a metabolically obese obesity phenotype (MOOP). EATT can be a significant predictor of cardiometabolic risk.

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The aim of the research. The development of a platform based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), aimed at studying the biological role of mutations in the genes of Parkinson's disease by comparing mutant and "normalized" cells resulting from genomic editing. Successful restoration of the normal nucleotide sequence of the studied gene on the iPSC is also aimed at obtaining fullvalue dopaminergic neurons oriented to subsequent neurotransplantation.
Material and methods. The IPSC culture obtained as a result of genetic reprogramming of the fibroblasts of a patient with an autosomal dominant form of PD associated with the LRRK2 gene (PARK8 form) was taken for the study. Correction of the major mutation G2019S of the LRRK2 gene in IPSC culture was carried out using the artificial nuclease system CRISPR / Cas9.
Results. Cloning of plasmids expressing the components of the CRISPR / Cas9 system, lipophilic transfection of iPSC with therapeutic genetic constructs (plasmids, single-stranded donor DNA molecules), selection of pairs of RNA-guides ensuring restoration of the normal genotype in iPSC culture were carried out. As a result of genome editing a heterogeneous culture was obtained, the target introduction of the correct nucleotide G at position 6055 was achieved; then a clone bearing the native nucleotide sequence
was isolated. Comparison of the features of genomic editing performed with the CRISPR / Cas9 system when working with cells depending on the number of targeted mutant sites (heterozygosity or compound heterozygosity) was made.
Conclusion. Correction of the mutation, subsequent differentiation of "normalized" iPSCs into dopaminergic neurons, and a detailed comparison of the morphofunctional properties of neuronal cultures with mutant and normal genotypes will make it possible to refine the molecular mechanisms of the PARK8 form of Parkinson's disease associated with the G2019S mutation.

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The aim of the research. To study the diagnostic capabilities of the technique of sympathetic skin response (SSR) in carpal tunnel
syndrome (CTS).
Material and methods. There were examined 47 patients (41 women and 6 men) from 37 to 88 years old (64 [53, 73] ), with unilateral (17 patients) and bilateral (30 patients) idiopathic CTS (77 total injured hands). 25 healthy volunteers, comparable in sex and age, without neurological and systemic diseases. The study of SSR (n. medianus, removal from the palm of the hand) was carried out on the Neuro-MEP electromeic imager (Russia). Results are processed in the program Statistica 6.0 and Microsoft Excel.
Results. In 22 of 47 patients with CTS, vegetative disorders were clinically detected, mainly in the form of puffiness of the fingers (37.7%). SSR was registered in 100% of cases. From all the analyzed parameters, only the amplitude of the first phase of the SSR was statistically significantly different in patients with CTS with clinical manifestations of autonomic disorders (p = 0.03) compared with patients without such. Significant statistical differences between the parameters of the SSR with n.medianus patients with CTS
and healthy volunteers were not identified.
Conclusion. The value of SSR as a diagnostic method for CTS requires further study. The amplitude of the response first phase can act as a parameter that can be evaluated in patients with CTS in dynamics for monitoring of vegetative disorders.

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The article contains the main data on epidemiology of dyslipidemia and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, some aspects of Recommendations for treating patients with dyslipidaemia ECS/EAS 2016 (The Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias), issued jointly by the experts of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS), 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice), including new approaches to assessing cardiovascular risk, analysis of lipids in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk, evaluation of preclinical atherosclerosis, target levels of blood lipid lowering, recommendations for the treatment of dyslipidemia, including the use of a new group of drugs - inhibitors of PCSK9 and the evidence base for their use, chapter on the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, as well as approaches to the treatment of dyslipidemia of some groups of patients: elderly, patients with diabetes mellitus, with ACS, undergoing PCI and with chronic kidney disease

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The article presents the discussion of the problem of the choice of markers of myocardial necrosis with view diametrically opposed opinions. It was given the statements of experts about two crucial questions: «What biomarker to prefer?» and « Whether to use biomarkers of myocardial necrosis in pre-hospital?».

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T, Sechtem U, Steg PG, Vriuts C, Luis Zamorauo J. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the mauagemeut of acute coronary syndromes iu patients presenting without persistent ST-segmeut elevatiouTask Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal. 2016;37(3):267-315. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv320.
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The Brugada syndrome described in 1992 is a genetically conditioned canalopathy responsible for the development of ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Burgada syndrome and Brugada phenotype are differed, which are characterized by the presence of a typical ECG pattern: blockade of the right ventriculonector leg and elevation of the ST segment in the right thoracic leads. Unlike the syndrome, Brugada phenotype is transient. ECG - diagnosis in various clinical situations can be difficult. This article presents a clinical case of newly diagnosed Brugada syndrome in an elderly patient with distrust to an acute coronary syndrome.

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A clinical case of a natural course of congenital complete atrioventricular blockade in a 11 year old girl is presented, which, due to the low adherence of parents to monitoring and treatment and, accordingly, the lack of adequate medical care, complicated by the development of episodes of asystole up to 17.7 seconds, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (with the development of dilatation of all heart chambers and a marked decrease of the contractile ability of the left ventricle), with symptoms of chronic heart failure and the development of ventricular tachycardia. Such complete AV blockade of congenital genesis is a unique case in the practice of a pediatric cardiologist.

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Abstract. Isolated myocardial infarction (MI) of the right ventricle (RV) in clinical practice is rare. As a rule, it is a consequence of the spread of myocardial infarction in the back wall of the left ventricle (LV) to the RV with the formation of the phenomena of right ventricular failure. The main cause of RV myocardial infarction is the lesion of right coronary artery by atherosclerosis with the right type of circulation or occlusion of the circumflex branch in the left, or isolated stenosis of the posterior interventricular branch (PIVB). When treating patients with MI RV, it is necessary to take into account some important aspects of hemodynamics disorders, that determine the tactics of patient treatment.

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Microvascular stenocardia is determined in the presence of anginal pain, a positive stress-test and intact coronary arteries, which is observed in approximately 20-30% of patients with stenocardia after coronary angiography. The prevalence of this disease is much higher in women than in men. Microvascular stenocardia is a heterogeneous form of ischemic heart disease, both clinically and pathophysiologically, covered various pathogenetic mechanisms. Despite of a half-century history of studying this disease, there are many unresolved issues, concerning the treatment of patients with microvascular stenocardia. The article deals with modern concepts of pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of microvascular stenocardia.

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TThe lecture discusses the problem of using molecular biomarkers in clinical cardiological practice in patients with chronic heart failure. The current evidence-based data about the role of biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis is summarized, with an emphasis on new clinical capabilities of biomarker-guided therapy for patients with chronic heart failure. Prospects for personified management of patients using pathogenetically significant biomarkers are indicated.

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The article provides an overview of the main causes leading to a low return of patients who underwent CABG to their professional activities. As well as a review of activities, changes in the regulatory base that occurred between 2009 and 2015, aimed at improving the rehabilitation of patients, after coronary artery bypass grafting.

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