The article presents a literature review concerning mechanisms of headache development in children. The authors considered the principles of headache prevention in children.

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A review of the literature data and clinical observations indicates the pathogenetic role of oxidative stress (OS) in epilepsy. Oxidative stress is accompanied by increased generation of active forms of oxygen, oxidative destruction of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, leading to disruption of the structure and functional activity of the cells. The intensification of free radical oxidation in epilepsy is caused by a decrease in the activity of the brain system of antioxidant protection, as enzymatic so non-enzymatic level that determines the progression of pathological process.

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The problem of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) insufficient efficiency and risk of clinically significant side effects is still topical. In patients with epilepsy revealed significant individual differences in the therapeutic effect of AEDs - from normal and high sensitivity to resistance. There is a need to develop personalized therapeutic strategies that take into account the individual characteristics of the patient. Pharmacogenetic approach is aimed to identify the key genetic biomarkers, and is a powerful tool for the development of personalized medicine. This article discusses the prospective pharmacogenetic markers that influence to the pharmacokinetics of AEDs. Their identification can help to ensure high efficiency and safety of antiepileptic therapy.

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The aim of the research. To assess the effect of imposition the extra-intracranial microsurgical anastomosis (EICMA) to the cognitive functions indicators in patients with occlusive-stenotic lesions of the internal carotid artery (ICA).
Materials and methods. The study involved 54 patients with occlusive-stenotic lesion of the ICA: 29 persons with occlusion of the left ICA: eight women (median - 55.5 (51.5; 61.5) years) and 21 men (median - 52 (49; 57) years); 25 with occlusion of the right ICA, four women (median - 62 (55; 64) years) and 21 men (median - 56 (51; 62) years). To assess cognitive functions it was used psychophysi- ological research (prior to surgery and for 10-13 days after the EICMA overlay), which includes neuropsychological testing, as well as the registration of auditory evoked potential associated with the event (P300). Auditory P300 was recorded in accordance with international recommendations of Clinical Neurophysiology (FICN) using the "Neuron-Spectrum - 5/EP", the company"NeuroSoft" (Russia).
Results. Primary psychophysiological research has found that at occlusive-stenotic lesion of ICA in 90% of cases were observed cognitive disorders of varying severity.
Conclusion. After a surgical procedure (overlay EICMAj the improvement of cognitive functions was observed in 46 % of cases, increase of cognitive deficits was observed in 15 % of cases and the absence of significant dynamics in cognitive functions condition was found in 39% of cases.

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The aim of the research. To determine the effectiveness of stimulating therapeutic methods based on biological feedback, in the acute phase of stroke.
Materials and methods. The study included 90 patients, 30 of whom got the stimulation on the basis of biofeedback technology. Results. The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy and the need for stimulating therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. It is proved by clinical, neuropsychological studies and by conducting functional analysis of sensorimotor processes.
Conclusion. It is proposed to use a stimulating biofeedback therapies as additional in conducting comprehensive rehabilitation of
stroke patients.

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2.	Damulin IV, Ekusheva EV. Processes of neuroplasticity after stroke. Nevrologija, nejropsihiatrija, psihosomatika. 2014; 3: 69-73. (In Russ.)
3.	Shishkina ES, Beyn BN. Dynamics of stability of patients after ischemic stroke at carotid and vertebral-basilar basin. Medicinskih al'manah. 2014; 33(3): 45-49. (In Russ.)
4 Korolev AA, Suslova GA. Neurorehabilitation: novel technics of rehabiliatative treatment in spasticity. Fundamental'nye issledovanija. 2012;7(2):344-349. (In Russ.)
5.	Kunel'skaya NL, Rezakova NV, Gudkova AA, Geht AB.	Method of bio-feed-back in clinical practice. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. C.C. Korsakova. 2014;8:46-50. (In Russ.)
6	Skvortsova VI, Ivanova GE, Rumyantseva NA, Staritsyn AN, Kovrazhkina EA, Suvorov AYu. Novel approaches in gait recovering at acute period of cerebral stroke. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. C.C. Korsakova. 2010;4:25-30. (In Russ.)
7	Prokopenko SV, Mozheyko EYu, Koryagina TD. Capability of cognitive training with specialized PC in patients after stroke. Nevrologicheskij zhurnal. 2014;1:20-24. (In Russ.)
8.	Bykov YuN. Rehabilitation in patients after ischemic stroke based on functional analisys of sensor-motor processes and referent biological adaptation. Dissertacya na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni doktora medicinskih nauk. Irkutskiy gosudarstvenny institut usovershenstvovaniya vrachey. Irkutsk; 2003. 198 s. (In Russ.)
9 Gur'evaPV, Bykov YuN. Complex rehabilitation in patients with cognitive and motor impairments at chronic ischemia of brain. Sibirskiy medicinskiy zhurnal (Irkutsk). 2009;88(5): 17-20. (In Russ.)
10.	Bykov YuN. Catamnestical investigation of sensor-motor processes in patients with ischemic stroke. Sibirskiy medicinskiy zhurnal (Irkutsk). 2002;34(5):26-29. (In Russ.)
11.	Filippova TP, Novitskaya ON, Bykov YuN. Up-to-date aspects of development of epidemic of HIV-associated tuberculosis. Sibirskiy medicinskiy zhurnal (Irkutsk). 2011;107(8):5-8. (In Russ.)
12.	Fayzulin ER, Bykov YuN. Rehabilitation in patients with conseguences of cerebral ischemic stroke in out-patients department. Sibirskiy medicinskiy zhurnal. 2009:88 (5):20-23. (In Russ.)

The aim of the research. To identify the features of the pro- and antioxidant systems in patients with epilepsy in order to optimize the therapy.
Materials and methods. It was conducted complex clinical and biochemical examination of 58 patients with epilepsy (PE). We studied the indicators of pro-oxidant status, spontaneous and phorbol- miristatatsetat-induced chemiluminescence of blood (PMA-L-CL) and malondialdehyde plasma (MDA) and antioxidant protection (AOP) - superoxide dismutase (SOD) whole blood and recovered thiols (SH- group) plasma. Registration of spontaneous chemiluminescence produced on chemiluminometer LKB-125; to study induced chemiluminescence was used as an activator PMA. Determination of MDA were performed spectrophotometrically using thiobarbituric acid. Thiol
status was assessed by the level of SH-groups in the blood plasma. SOD activity in whole blood was determined by spectrophotometric method based on the inhibition of the oxidation reaction of quercetin.
Results. It was found statistically significant decrease in SOD activity in PE, an average of 50%, compared to healthy individuals. The level of SH-groups in PE was significantly lower than the same parameter in healthy people, the intensity of spontaneous CL - within limits. It were obtained ambiguous results of content PMA-CL, MDA, indicating the varying sensitivity of leukocytes to the formation ROS. Pathogenetically was justified the use of enzymatic antioxidants as augmentive therapy, was noted the positive impact of the application of recombinant SOD as to the biochemical so to the clinical parameters in PE.
Conclusion. Thus, in PE it were observed processes of free radical oxidation with the development of chronic oxidative stress on the background of the depletion of enzymatic components of AOS, in particular, SOD and thiol groups and activation of prooxidant systems. The study results allow to consider enzymatic antioxidants as pathogenetic therapy of epilepsy

Boldyrev AA. The role of reactive oxygen forms in the life of the neuron. Uspekhi fiziol. nauk. 2003; 34 (3): 21-34. (In Russ.).
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The aim of the study. Evaluation of correctional institutions teachers awareness regarding epilepsy in children in the Zabaikalsky region.
Materials and methods. It has been done the analysis of questionnaire 170 teachers of correctional institutions in Zabaikalsky region.
Results. The majority of teachers (81.18%) believe that a child with epilepsy in general, is the same as other children and can be taught in ordinary school (72.35%). In 61.18% of cases the teachers believe that the intellectual abilities of a child with epilepsy are the same as in other pupils. A significant proportion of respondents (25.29%) do not know whether there is always a decrease of intelligence in epilepsy (25.29%), and whether the child with epilepsy is “mentally ill” (20.59%). The greatest difficulties in the child with epilepsy at
school the teacher see in communication with classmates (24.12%).
Conclusion. They know how to provide first aid for epileptic seizure, 60.59% of teachers. A significant portion of the respondents (41.76%) indicated that epilepsy can not be cured, and consider it to be an incurable disease (32.94%). The main limitations of children with epilepsy in the further life, according to teachers, will concern driving (60.59%) and career choices (57.06%), and to a lesser extent touched the creation of family (27.65%). The main source of information about epilepsy for teachers is the Internet (38.24%).

Marueva NA, Shnayder NA, Shul'min AV, Shirshov YuA, Gol'tvanitsa GA, Kulinich TS. The epidemiology of epilepsy and seizures in the pediatric population of Zabaikalskiy Region. Zabaykalskiy Medical Journal. 2015; 2:119-128. (In Russ.)
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The aim of the research. To study the presence and structure of cognitive disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM 1) without focal symptoms in neurologic status on standardized neuropsychological tests.
Materials and methods. In the study were included 34 patients (15 men and 19 women) of young age with DM 1, comparable in duration of disease and the level of glycated hemoglobin. Were evaluated the presence and nature of patient complaints related to cognitive function, neurologic status, cognitive function disorders with the help of standardized tests: MMSE, MoCA, test memorizing ten words. Results. The total number of points on the MMSE and MoCA conform to the normal level of cognitive functions. Analyzing the results of each task, were revealed disorders, typical for all examined patients. As a result of memorizing ten words test were revealed disorders in almost all patients
Conclusion. Based on the calculation of the total score on the MMSE and MoCA, cognitive disorders havem't been identified. Analyzing the results of the above scales subtests and test memorizing ten words, it was found that cognitive function disorders have almost every examined patient. Operative memory, reproduction of information, attention the sequence of actions and calculation suffer in the most degree.

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The aim of the research. The study the morphological status of the kidneys on the model of experimental ischemic stroke in rats. Materials and methods. The experiments involved 42 adult outbred white rats with body weight 220-280 g. Model of experimental ischemic stroke (EIS) was reproduced by ligation in the left common carotid artery. Neurological status of the animals was assessed on a scale Stroke-index MC Graw. After decapitation, the brain and the kidneys were subjected to morphological studies with fixing in 2.5 % solution of glutaraldehyde and pouring in apon-araldit mixture. Ultrathin sections were stained with methylene blue and fuchsin. The studies were conducted in the dynamics of EIS on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day of the experiment.
Results. Conducted morphological study of the kidneys and the brain in experimental ischemic stroke in rats prove the existence of angio-cerebro-renal relationships caused by hemodynamic disturbances and endothelial dysfunction.
Conclusion. Taking into account secondariness and renal damage indirectness at EIS, angio-cerebro-renal dysfunction at EIS can be caused by disorders of the central regulation, vascular hemodynamic disturbances and common systemic inflammatory response.

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The aim of the research. To reveal research significance of S100 neurotrophic protein and myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI), depending on its origin.
Materials and methods. Were examined 72 patients with CCI, they were divided into 2 groups according to the pathogenesis of CCI. The 1st group consisted of 37 (45.1%) patients with CCI, developing mainly on the background of hypertension (hypertensive origin). The2nd group consisted of 35 (42.7%) patients with CCI, developing mainly on the background of atherosclerosis (atherosclerotic genesis).
Results. The level of antibodies to S-100 protein and MBP increased in 1.71 and 2.57 times to the values of healthy individuals in patients with CCI hypertensive origin. In patients with CCI of atherosclerotic genesis the increase was: 1.08 and 1.1 times, respectively
Conclusion. Biochemical studies have revealed increasing of the level of autoantibodies to the protein S-100 and MBP in patients with CCI hypertensive origin. A significant increase in the level of autoantibodies to MBP in patients of this group indicates the important role of this protein in the process of demyelination.

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The aim of the research. To analyse the peculiarities of focal epilepsy during pregnancy and after childbirth.
Materials and methods. The article presents results of monitoring the patients of Samara Regional Antiepileptic Center in the period 2007-2013. Were analyzed 116 cases of pregnancy in 87 patients with focal epilepsy. On the background of symptomatic epilepsy occurred 37 pregnancies, 79 pregnancies took place on the background of cryptogenic epilepsy.
Results. The average duration of epilepsy by the time of pregnancy was 15,9 ± 4,5 years, in 4 cases, epilepsy occurred during pregnancy. In 50,0 ± 4,6% of observations pregnancy did not influence to the frequency of attacks, in 5,2 ± 2,1% had improved, in 44,8 ± 4,6% – worsening of epilepsy. Worsening occurred more often (59,5 ± 8,0%) in symptomatic epilepsy than in cryptogenic (38,0 ± 5,5%); F = 59,8; p <0,005. Half of the cases were linked to the violation of the receiving anti-epileptic drugs. There was a tendency to more frequent attacks in I and II trimesters of pregnancy at cryptogenic epilepsy, and the deterioration was not dependent on the timing of pregnancy in symptomatic epilepsy. The greatest number of deterioration occurred in the postpartum period. Most often, the deterioration occurred in patients receiving carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and phenobarbital. Compensation of the secondarily generalized seizure before pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of their occurrence in the future. Repeating the worsening of epilepsy in subsequent pregnancies was significantly higher in symptomatic form.
Conclusion. Focal epilepsy, especially symptomatic requires careful selection of antiepileptic therapy before the pregnancy. Achieving disease compensation, as well as compliance by the patient drug therapy regime significantly improves the prognosis during pregnancy.

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The article presents a case of successful treatment of patients with severe infectious pancreatitis, the most serious complication of acute pancreatitis, with an extremely high mortality rate. The use of modern methods of antibacterial, detoxification therapy, as well as active surgical tactics, using negative pressure treatment technologies allowed to achieve a favorable outcome.

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The article contains description of a rare clinical case of post-radial myelopathy. The case shows clinical and radiological similarities and differences between post-radiation myelopathy with spinal cord injuries of other etiology. It has differential diagnostic algorithm that allowed to give a definitive clinical diagnosis by exclusion of the more common myelitis.

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The article presents a clinical case of a patient with focal epileptic neonatal oro-Bucco-lingual attacks. During the discussion illustrates the complexity of the differential diagnosis of abortive attacks in the neonatal period.

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The article presents the clinical observation of the twins at the age of two months with exchange genetic disease - deficiency of biotinidase, the main manifestation of which were pharmacoresistance epileptic seizures. It showed a rapid and pronounced efficacy of biotin with the cessation of seizures and the possibility of cancellation of anticonvulsants.

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Psychotropic agents depending on the nature of the action to the mechanisms of generation of brain bioelectric activity be divided into nonspecific deprimiring substance (“depressing”) and specific action. The parameters of bioelectrical activity of the brain in severe poisonings with neurotoxic substances demonstrate phase changes. At the height of the electroencephalogram (EEG) toxicogenic phase represents the mechanism of action and depends on the dose of the substance that caused the poisoning, with the elimination of the poison (in somatogenic phase) the specificity of EEG- disorders lost. For a relatively long current exotoxic coma (2-3 days) EEG abnormalities are caused by the action of secondary damaging factors: hypoxia, cerebral edema, electrolyte disorders.

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Multifocal motor neuropathy is a rare demyelinating neuropathies. This article covers the questions of clinic, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of this nosology. As an example, given their own clinical observation of case the multifocal motor neuropathy.

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Chronic daily headache (CDH) is a heterogeneous group of diseases, including various forms of cephalgia. CDH can be divided into primary and secondary headaches, whien it is a symptom of another disease. Base points in the patients with CDH care are exception of secondary causes of cephalgia, setting option of daily pain and determination of further tactics in these patients. Today highly effective treatment of daily headaches is a difficult task and not always quickly and completely achievable goal, and therefore the CDH is great therapeutic and socio-economic problem.

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This article describes the features of the organization and activities of the multidisciplinary team in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. We discuss the indications, contraindications and risk factors of poor tolerability verticalization procedures, as well as cases requiring its termination. We consider the rules of postural correction and the rules and techniques of safe handling and transportation of patients Key words: rehabilitation, stroke, verticalization, postural correction.

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The practical significance of the definition the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is in the possibility of early diagnosis and timely treatment of attention and behavior disorders. This will reduce the risk of development in this patient group the addictive states and antisocial behavior. The main problems in children with ADHD: learning difficulties, despite rather high intelligence; lack of mutual understanding in the family due to indiscipline, disobedience and stubbornness; emotional instability, temper, sometimes aggressiveness. The disease leads to disruption of socialization. Causes of disease are actively studied in recentyears.

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