Лекарственно-индуцированная (ЛИ) кристаллическая нефропатия (КН) – это относительно редко встречаемое, не всегда простое для
диагностики заболевание почек, потенциально способное привести к острому повреждению почек (ОПП), которое может повлечь потребность в гемодиализе и сопряжено с высоким риском летальности. Цель обзора: анализ и систематизация данных о лекарственных средствах
(ЛС), прием которых ассоциирован с развитием ЛС кристаллической нефропатии, обуславливающих повышенный риск развития лекарственно-индуцированного ОПП, ее патофизиологических механизмах, анализ возможных методов лечения и профилактики. Поиск по указанным
ключевым словам проводился в базах данных eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed®, MEDLINE, EMBASE, руководствах и методических рекомендациях, материалах баз данных нежелательных реакций, инструкциях по медицинскому применению ЛС в период до июня 2021 г. Наиболее часто ЛИ КН
ассоциируется с приемом таких ЛС, как сульфадиазин, ацикловир, индинавир, триамтерен, метотрексат, а также орлистат, ципрофлоксацин,
амоксициллин, пероральные препараты фосфата натрия и др. Основным патофизиологическим механизмом развития КН является преципитация малорастворимого вещества в моче и образование кристаллов. При этом часть ЛС кристаллизуется и осадок выпадает непосредственно
в почечных канальцах, другая часть действует через изменение метаболизма, повышая концентрацию в моче других малорастворимых соединений. К факторам риска развития ЛИ КН относятся факторы риска развития ОПП, а также факторы риска, специфичные для конкретных
препаратов, например, рН мочи. Клинически чаще всего КН манифестирует симптомами ОПП, иногда развиваются клинка острой почечной
колики, гематурия. При лечении КН требуется отмена препарата-индуктора или снижение его дозы, стимуляция диуреза с восполнением
внутрисосудистого объема жидкости с помощью инфузий сбалансированных электролитных растворов. Для профилактики ЛИ КН важно
учитывать все возможные факторы риска ее развития, использовать адекватные дозы ЛС и избегать назначения потенциально нефротоксичных препаратов.

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Цель исследования. Систематический обзор данных последних лет по урокиназной системе, ее роли в канцерогенезе на клеточном уровне, с упором на канцерогенез колоректального рака.
Материал и методы. Поиск русскоязычных и англоязычных публикаций производился в базах данных Medline и E-library с 2015 по 2021 гг.
по следующим ключевым словам «urokinase» AND «cancer», «urokinase» AND «colorectal», «urokinase» AND «biomarker» в полях Title и Abstract,
из найденных источников в обзор были включены 59 публикаций.
Результаты. Урокиназная система участвует в множестве процессов канцерогенеза – от деградации внеклеточного матрикса и метастазирования до пролиферации и подавления апоптоза опухолевых клеток. Поиск новых биомаркеров для диагностики, оценки прогрессирования и прогнозирования колоректального рака представляет большой интерес вследствие несовершенства, экономической неэффективности и трудоемкости других методов диагностики данного заболевания. Кроме того, такие маркеры могут быть не только диагностически значимыми агентами,
но и мишенями таргетной противоопухолевой терапии. Урокиназа и ее рецептор выступают в качестве нового потенциального биомаркера для
скрининга и диагностики, а также прогнозирования прогрессирования колоректального рака, в перспективе заменяющего доказано незначимые
уровни CEA и CA19-9.
Заключение. За последние годы было сделано множество открытий в данной сфере, однако для диагностически значимых результатов и для безопасного применения таргетной терапии необходимы дальнейшие исследования.

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Рост числа людей пожилого и старческого возраста в общей численности населения остается одной из наиболее важных демографических проблем современного общества. Старение человечества влечет за собой увеличение пациентов с хронической болезнью почек (ХБП).
Представлен обзор современной литературы о саркопении и когнитивных нарушениях у пациентов с ХБП. Поиск осуществлялся в базах
данных PubMed и e-LIBRARY за период с 1996 по 2021 гг. Поиск проведен по ключевым словам «sarcopenia», «cognitive impairment», «chronic
kidney disease», «population aging», «glomerular fi ltration rate». С возрастом распространенность саркопении увеличивается (60-70 лет – 5-13 %;
старше 80 лет – от 11 до 50 %), при прогрессировании ХБП частота встречаемости саркопении возрастает на 45 %. Саркопения и когнитивные
нарушения у больных ХБП взаимосвязаны общими патофизиологическими механизмами развития.

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Когнитивная дисфункция является одной из проявлений неврологических осложнений коронавирусной инфекции. В настоящей статье
собран материал о состоянии когнитивных функций после перенесенной коронавирусной инфекции с аспектами возможных патогенетических
механизмов и обсуждением перспектив лечения и реабилитации. Пандемия COVID-19, проявив себя в декабре 2019 года, на сегодняшний день
остается одной из самых дискутабельных тем во всем мире. Рост количества сообщений о поражении нервной системы при коронавирусной
инфекции заставляет полагать, что вирус является нейротропным. В клинике заболевания таким симптомам, как выраженная слабость, утомляемость, нарушение памяти уделяется меньшее внимание, в то же время именно данная симптоматика наиболее часто сопровождает пациентов
в постковидном периоде и существенно снижает качество их жизни, тем самым затрудняя адаптацию в социальной и трудовой деятельности.
Обзор материала проводится за период с начала 2020г по третий квартал 2021г, проанализированы отечественные и зарубежные источники из баз
данных Web of Science, PubMed. Поисковые запросы были следующие: COVID-19, когнитивные нарушения, постковидный синдром.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117271

Цель исследования. Улучшить результаты ранней диагностики панкреонекроза на основании изучения цитоплазматической мембраны эритроцитов.
Материал и методы. На атомно-силовом микроскопе Integra Aura (ЗАО «НТ-МДТ», Россия) исследованы морфологическое и физиологическое
состояние эритроцита. Обследовано 37 человек без соматической патологии и 38 больных с панкреонекрозом. У каждого эритроцита сканировали мембрану клетки и клетку в целом. Суммарно было исследовано 940 эритроцитов. Для обработки данных, полученных на АСМ, использовали
программное обеспечение «Nova».
Результаты. В нашем исследовании показано, что форма эритроцита при панкреонекрозе не изменяется, однако происходят структурные изменения мембраны в виде образования на ее поверхности множественных эрозий на фоне активации ПОЛ, что приводит к ее деформации
и увеличению адгезии. Данные изменения снижают транспортную способность крови, что, по нашему мнению, и приводит к нарастанию общей
интоксикации организма и к ухудшению состояния больного.
Заключение. По всей видимости, накопление в мембране продуктов перекисного окисления липидов вызывает реорганизацию мембраны эритроцита, увеличивается количество малоподвижных конгломератов и липидных кластеров, ведущих к снижению скорости перемещения белковых молекул, на фоне ригидности мембраны эритроцита и деформации её поверхности. Кроме того, увеличение адгезии мембраны эритроцита,
по всей видимости, нарушает не только газотранспортную функцию эритроцита, но и микрореологический статус крови, связывание и перенос
аминокислот, липидов, вирусов, лекарственных средств.

1. Подолужный ВИ. Острый панкреатит: современные представления об этиологии, патогенезе, диагностике и лечении. Фундаментальная и клиническая
медицина. 2017;(4):62-71. [Podoluzhnyj VI. Acute pancreatitis: current ideas about etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Fundamental and Clinical Medicine.
2017;(4):62-71. (In Russian)] DOI: 10.23946/2500-0764-
2017-2-4-62-71
2. Ревишвили АШ. Хирургическая помощь в Российской Федерации: информационно-аналитический
сборник. Федеральное государственное бюджетное
учреждение Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии им. А. В. Вишневского Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.
Москва : [б. и.]; 2018. 136 с. [Revishvili ASh. Surgical
care in the Russian Federation: information and analytical collection. A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research
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3. Dobszai D, Matrai P, Gyo Z. Body-mass index correlates with severity and mortality in acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis. World Journal of Gastroenterology.
2019;25(6):729-743. DOI:3748/wjg.v25.i6.729
4. Cho JH, Kim TN, Chung НН, Kim КН. Comparison of scoring systems in predicting the severity of
acute pancreatitis. World Journal of Gastroenterology.
2015;21(8):2387-2394. DOI: 10.3748/WJG.V21.18.2387
5. Ризаев КС, Байназаров ШЭ, Эрметов АТ, Рузматов АЭ, Исхаков БР, Исхаков НБ, Норбаев АЮ. Исходы хирургического лечения деструктивных форм
острого панкреатита. Вестник экстренной медицины.
2016;(3):24-28. [Rizaev KS, Bajnazarov SHE, Ermetov AT,
Ruzmatov AE, Iskhakov BR, Iskhakov NB, Norbaev AYU.
Surgical outcomes of destructive forms of acute pancreatitis. Th e Bulletin Of Emergency Medicine. 2016;(3):24-28.
(In Russian)]
6. Анищенко ВВ, Ким ДА, Барам ГИ, Астанин АИ,
Морозов ВВ, Ковган ЮМ. Предикторы раннего хирургического вмешательства у больных тяжелым острым
панкреатитом. Acta Вiomedica Scientitica. 2017;2(6):86
[Anishchenko VV, Kim DA, Baram GI, Astanin AI,
Morozov VV, Kovgan YM. Predictors of early surgical intervention in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Acta
Biomedica Scientifi ca. 2017;2(6):86-91. (In Russian)] DOI:
10.12737/article_5a0a87c0892982.08507194
7. Дарвин ВВ, Онищенко СВ, Логинов ЕВ, Кабанов АА. Тяжелый острый панкреатит: факторы
риска неблагоприятного исхода и возможности их
устранения. Анналы хирургической гепатологии.
2018;23(2):76-83. [Darvin VV, Onishchenko SV, Loginov
EV, Kabanov AA. Severe acute pancreatitis: risk factors for
adverse outcome and the possibility of their elimination.
Annals Of HPB Surgery. 2018;23(2):76-83. (In Russian)]
DOI: 16931/1995-5464.2018276-83
8. Bиxbaum J, Quezada M, Chong B. Th e Pancreatitis
Activity Scoring System predicts clinical outcomes in acute
pancreatitis: fi ndings from a prospective cohort study.
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764. DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0048-1
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2018;6(97):22-29. [Zubrickij VF, Zabelin MV. Clinical-laboratory parallels in assessing the severity of acute
pancreatitis. Academic and research periodical “MIA Medical Bulletin”. 2018;6(97):22-29. (In Russian)]
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patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Pirogov Russian Journal Of Surgery. 2016;(11):25-32. (In Russian)]
DOI: 17116/hirurgia20161125-32
11. Конопля АИ, Литвинова ЕС, Суняйкина ОА,
Бушмина ОН, Харченко АВ, Конопля АА. Нарушение структурно-функциональных свойств эритроцитов при экспериментальном остром деструктивном
панкреатите алкогольной этиологии и их коррекция.
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AI, Litvinova ES, Sunjajkina ОА, Bushminа ON, Harchenko AV, Кonoрlja AA. Impaired structural and functional properties of red blood cells in experimental acute
destructive pancreatitis of alcoholic etiology and their
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(In Russian)] DOI: 18097/РBМС20176306527
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LV, Nagornov JuS. Mоrphofunctional state of erythrocytes in benign obstructive jaundice. Grekov’s Bulletin of Surgery. 2017;176(4):22-26. (In Russian)] DOI: 24884/0042-
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анализа данных в биомедицинских исследованиях
с помощью пакета программ SPSS. Забайкальский
медицинский вестник. 2020;(2):169-176. [Mudrov V.A.
Algorithms for performing data correlation analysis
in biomedical research using the SPSS soft ware package. Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin. 2020;(2): 169-176.
(In Russian)]

Цель исследования. Изучить изменения показателей люминол-зависимой хемилюминесценции нейтрофилов у кардиохирургических больных
в раннем послеоперационном периоде.
Материал и методы. Проведено когортное проспективное исследование, включающее 45 пациентов кардиохирургического профиля, с проведенной срединной стернотомией. По половому составу клиническая группа была представлена 37 (82,2 %) мужчинами и 8 (17,8 %) женщинами,
средний возраст в группе составил 59,29 года [37,2; 72,1]. Хемилюминесцентный анализ был проведен в предоперационном периоде и на 1-3 сутки
после операции.
Результаты. Оценка функциональной активности лейкоцитов является важным параметром, характеризующим гомеостаз и защитные реакции
макроорганизма. Анализ реактивности лейкоцитов является значимым параметром при развитии различных патологических состояний, в том
числе и операционном стрессе. Так как, при функциональной активации лейкоцитов увеличивается продукция цитотоксических и биологически активных веществ, оказывающих влияние на патогенез развития воспалительной реакции. Обнаружено увеличение скорости образования
активных форм кислорода как при спонтанной, так и при активированной люминолом реакции и определялась суммарная функциональная
активность нейтрофилов. Можно предположить, что при исследуемом патологическом процессе реакция формирования активных радикалов
кислорода в нейтрофильных гранулоцитах идет в большей степени по миелопероксидазному пути.
Заключение. Таким образом, индуцирование реакции люминолом вызвало увеличение продукции активных форм кислорода, что позволяет
судить о повышении резервных метаболических возможностей нейтрофильных гранулоцитов у больных в раннем послеоперационном периоде.

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of preventing them. Medical Science and Education of the
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10. Протасевич АИ, Татур АА. Эффективность
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[Protasevich AI, Tatur AA. Eff ectiveness of vacuum therapy
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Вестник Российской военно-медицинской академии.
2013;1 (41):174-179 [Khubulava GG, Shikhverdiev NN,
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AI. Pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors
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and Circulation. 2019;28(8):1283-1291. DOI: 10.1016/j.
hlc.2018.05.195
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Цель исследования. Проведение корреляционного анализа между индексом КПУ, содержанием активной формы витамина D – 25(OH)D3 в крови
и уровнем защитных белков смешанной слюны у молодых лиц с кариесом.
Материал и методы. У лиц молодого возраста, страдающих кариесом, методом хемилюминесцентного иммунного анализа оценено содержание
метаболита витамина D в сыворотке крови, методом ИФА определены концентрации антимикробного пептида – кателицидина LL-37, альфа-дефензина 1-3, секреторного иммуноглобулина A, липополисахарид-связывающего белка (LBP) в ротовой жидкости. При стоматологическом осмотре проведён анализ степени интенсивности кариеса зубов путём расчета индекса КПУз. Статистическая обработка результатов исследования
осуществлена с помощью пакета программ «IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.0» (International Business Machines Corporation, США).
Результаты. Выявлены заметные обратные связи значений индекса КПУ с уровнем 25(OH)D3 в сыворотке крови и величинами LBP и sIgA
в слюне. У лиц, страдающих кариесом, на фоне низкого количества сывороточного 25(OH)D3 уменьшается содержание кателицидина LL-37,
альфа-дефензина 1-3, секреторного иммуноглобулина A, LBP в ротовой жидкости, при этом регистрируются прямые заметные корреляционные
зависимости между количеством активной формы витамина D и цифрами кателицидина, LL-37, альфа-дефензина 1-3, LBP.
Заключение. Установленные тесные связи между интенсивностью кариозного процесса, количеством 25(OH)D3 в организме и иммунными показателями слюны подтверждает патогенетическую значимость сдвигов в системе защитных факторов полости рта.

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factors among patients attending dental clinic in Debre
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study. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1):119. DOI: 10.1186/
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Роль витамина D в развитии стоматологических заболеваний (обзор литературы). Colloquium-journal.
2019;10(34). Ссылка активна на 10.02.2021. [Nikolaeva VV, Tereshchenko LF, Volobuev VV. Th e role of vitamin D in the development of dental diseases (review of
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2018;13(1):174-200. DOI:1515/biol-2018-0023
6. Майлян ЭА, Резниченко НА, Майлян ДЭ Регуляция витамином D метаболизма костной ткани. Медицинский вестник Юга. 2017;(1):12-21. [Maylyan EA,
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2017-1-12-20
7. Swapna LA, Abdulsalam R. Vitamin D defi ciency and its eff ects on tooth structure and pulpal changes. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.
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target. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2020;6(4):234-252.
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Cocco, Luigi Nibali, Philippe Hujoel, Marja L Laine, Peter Lingstrom, David J Manton, Eduardo Montero, Nigel
Pitts, Hélène Rangé, Nadine Schlueter, Wim Teughels,
Svante Twetman, Cor Van Loveren, Fridus Van der Weijden, Alexandre R Vieira, Andreas G Schulte. Interaction
of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: consensus report of
group 2 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases. Journal of
Clinical Periodontology. 2017;(44):39–51. DOI:10.1111 /
jcpe.12685
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Прогнозирование рецидивного течения кариеса зубов у беременных женщин лабораторным методом
оценки активности антимикробного иммунитета
ротовой жидкости. Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. 2015;(2):131-136. [Prohodnaja VA, Gajvoronskaja TV, Lomova AS. Prediction of recurrent
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of immunity oral liquid. Kuban Scientifi c Medical Bulletin. 2015;(2):131-136. (In Russian)] DOI:10.25207/
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E2355. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082355

Цель исследования. Определение особенностей течения хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) на фоне ревматоидного артрита (РА) путем сравнительного анализа лабораторно-инструментальных и клинических показателей течения ХСН у пациентов с РА и без РА, а также поиск
возможных ассоциаций базисной противовоспалительной терапии с исследуемыми параметрами.
Материал и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 256 пациентов (все участники исследования – женщины): исследуемая группа – 134 с ХСН
и РА, группа сравнения – 122 пациента с ХСН без РА. Функциональный класс ХСН в исследуемых группах по NYHA I-II. Диагноз ХСН выставлен
на основании современных критериев ESC и РКО. Диагноз РА подтвержден с помощью лабораторно-инструментальных критериев. Проводилась
сравнительная оценка клинических и лабораторных показателей в обследуемых группах. Проводился анализ возможных ассоциаций базисной
противовоспалительный терапии РА с показателями течения РА. В работе представлены статистически достоверные результаты. Обработка данных проводилась с помощью программы Statistica 10.0. Критический уровень значимости при проверке статистических гипотез р<0,05.
Результаты. В результате исследования обнаружено статистически значимое преобладание значение Е/е` в группе пациентов с ХСН и РА по
отношению к пациентам без РА. Уровень NT-proBNP в группе пациентов с ХСН и РА имел значимо более низкие значения по отношению к пациентам без РА. У пациентов с ХСН и РА, принимавших лефлуномид, уровень NT-proBNP не имел статистически значимых различий по отношению
к пациентам с ХСН без РА. В группе пациентов с ХСН и РА обнаружена статистически значимая обратная ассоциация дозировки метотрексата
с параметрами Е/е`и NT-proBNP.
Заключение. Прием метотрексата в дозировке 15 мг/сутки может положительно сказываться на таких параметрах как Е/е`и NT-proBNP у пациентов с ХСН и РА. Однако для подтверждении данной гипотезы необходимо проведение проспективных исследований.

1. Оганов РГ, Денисов ИН, Симаненков ВИ. Коморбидная патология в клинической практике. Клинические рекомендации. Кардиоваскулярная терапия
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2017-6-5-56
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Цель исследования. Оценить уровни цитокинов, характеризующих баланс Th 1/Th 2/Th 17 лимфоцитов в конденсате выдыхаемого воздуха, а также
исследовать роль полиморфных вариантов генов этих цитокинов у детей г. Красноярска при бронхиальной астме (БА) в зависимости от степени
тяжести и уровня контроля заболевания.
Материал и методы. Исследуемая группа – 104 ребенка с БА и 65 детей без бронхолегочных и аллергических заболеваний в анамнезе. Диагностика, степень тяжести и уровень контроля заболевания были установлены в соответствии с рекомендациями рабочей группы GINA. Дети с
БА были разделены на группы по степени тяжести и уровню контроля астмы. Материал исследования - конденсат выдыхаемого воздуха (КВВ)
и ДНК из периферической крови. Выделение ДНК проводилось сорбентным методом, генотипирование осуществлялось при помощи метода
ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Сбор КВВ осуществляли с помощью прибора RTube Exhaler Breath Condensate Collector. Концентрацию цитокинов в нативных образцах КВВ определяли с помощью системы мультиплексного иммуноанализа MagPix. Обработку результатов проводили
с помощью пакета программ Statistica для Windows 10.0 и Microsoft Excel, 2007. Сравнение частот аллелей и генотипов проводили с помощью
online-калькулятора, теста χ-квадрат. Отношение шансов (ОШ) с 95%-ным доверительным интервалом (ДИ) проводилось для связи генетических
маркеров с фенотипами патологии.
Результаты. При сравнении частоты генотипов и аллелей полиморфизма IL13 rs1800925 в группах БА и контроля нами было показано статистически значимое отличие в отношении генотипа CC и аллеля T. Кроме того, было обнаружено, что частота встречаемости генотипа AA IL17A
rs2275913 выше в группе с контролируемой БА, а также в группе с легкой степенью тяжести БА. Не было выявлено статистически значимых
отличий по полиморфизмам IL4 rs2243250, IL5 rs2069812, IFNγ rs2069705 между группами больных и контроля. При определении концентрации
цитокинов в КВВ были обнаружены лишь «следовые» количества исследуемых аналитов. Значения концентраций для цитокинов IL-13, IL-17A
и IL-4 были чуть выше порога чувствительности используемого метода и набора. IFN-γ и IL-5 удалось обнаружить лишь у 2 пациентов.
Заключение. В ходе исследования не было обнаружено ассоциации полиморфных генов с уровнями концентрации цитокинов в конденсате
выдыхаемого воздуха.

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Цель исследования. Определить предикторы снижения качества жизни пациентов с синдромом старческой астении и пароксизмальной формой
фибрилляции предсердий.
Материал и методы. Отобрано 45 пациентов старше 65 лет с пароксизмальной формой ФП и синдромом СА, которые составили основную
группу. Так же сформирована контрольная группа из 43 практически здоровых лиц. На основании стандартизированных лабораторных и инструментальных исследований проведен анализ предикторов снижения качества жизни у пациентов с синдромом СА и пароксизмальной формой ФП.
Результаты. КЖ пациентов с синдромом старческой астении и пароксизмальной формой ФП снижено по большинству показателей относительно практически здоровых лиц сопоставимых по возрастным и гендерным признакам. У женщин определено снижение КЖ относительно
мужчин по трем из четырех шкал физического здоровья – PF, RP, GH и по двум шкалам психосоциального – RE и MH. В возрастной группе
старше 75 лет снижены преимущественно показатели физического статуса – PF, RP, GH. При снижении СКФ менее 60 мл/мин отмечается преимущественно снижение физической сферы КЖ, а также снижение жизненной активности. При ЧСС более 80 уд/мин определено ухудшение КЖ
по двум шкалам физической сферы здоровья – PF и RP, тогда как изменений в психосоциальном аспекте диагностировано не было.
Заключение. Качество жизни пациентов с синдромом старческой астении и пароксизмальной формой ФП имеет худшие значения абсолютно
по всем шкалам физического аспекта здоровья, тогда как психосоциальная сфера менее задействована и снижены только жизненная активность
и ролевое эмоциональное функционирование. Предикторами ухудшения КЖ пациентов с синдромом СА и пароксизмальной формой ФП являются возраст старше 75 лет, женский пол, снижение уровня СКФ < 60 мл/мин и увеличение ЧСС более 80 уд./мин. Таким образом рациональная
нефропротективная терапия и контроль уровня ЧСС способствуют улучшению КЖ пациентов с синдромом СА и пароксизмальной формой ФП.

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Геморрагическая лихорадка с почечным синдромом (ГЛПС) является природно-очаговым зоонозом, имеющим эндемическую привязанность к определенным территориям Российской Федерации. Отсутствие опыта и настороженности у врачей клиницистов в диагностике данной
инфекции, учитывая отсутствие активных природных очагов на территории Забайкальского края и полиморфизм клинических проявлений,
привели к диагностическим ошибкам, неверно выставленным диагнозам. Шести пациентам (мужчинам) из одного эпидемического очага (вахтовой поселок в лесном массиве) при обращении за медицинской помощью в период с сентября по ноябрь были выставлены диагнозы: острое
респираторное заболевание, пневмония, плеврит, пиелонефрит. Заболевания протекали в легкой или среднетяжелой форме и характеризовались
лихорадкой, интоксикацией, катарально-респираторными и геморрагическими проявлениями, поражением легких, уменьшением диуреза. Правильный диагноз ГЛПС был установлен только при эпидемиологическом расследовании ретроспективно с помощью серологического метода.
Благодаря клиническому мышлению и определенной настороженности в отношении ГЛПС правильный диагноз был установлен только двум пациентам. Второй случай закончился летальным исходом, учитывая быструю прогрессию в развитии тяжелого осложнения. Анализ клинико-эпидемиологических данных пациентов, изложенный в статье, может помочь клиницистам в правильности постановки предварительного диагноза
и в назначении необходимого объема лабораторных исследований, позволяющих подтвердить диагноз ГЛПС

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Th e aim of the research was to evaluate the possibilities of using saliva as an indicator of mental and physical stress in the bioluminescent method.
Material and methods. Th e object of the study was the saliva of schoolchildren (15-16 years old, n=15), students (19-20 years old, Krasnoyarsk State Medical
University and Surgut State University, n=227) and athletes (19-20 years old, n=25). Saliva sampling was performed before and aft er muscle tension and
psycho-emotional stress.
Th e bacterial bioenzyme system NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase + luciferase was used as a test system. Th e residual glow intensity was used as an integral
indicator of body fatigue [1, 2].
Results. It shows the greatest fatigue of schoolchildren aft er mental stress and the least fatigue aft er physical exertion. Boys got tired aft er physical exertion,
girls aft er mental exertion. Physical activity tired the excellent schoolchildren. Mental stress caused fatigue of the good schoolchildren.
Th e fatigue of students during the study session was revealed, regardless of the region of residence and the component composition of saliva. Students had
the same index of stress resistance regardless of the state of rest or mental stress. Indicators of situational and personal anxiety were higher among students
from the northern regions.
For the fi rst time, the least fatigue of highly qualifi ed athletes was shown during high-intensity physical activity, which distinguishes them from low-skilled
athletes. Th e concentration of lactate in the saliva of athletes increased with fatigue.
Conclusion. Mental and physical overload aff ect schoolchildren regardless of their academic performance and length of study. Psychological or emotional
stress causes fatigue of the students’ body, regardless of the component composition of their saliva and the region of residence. Physical (muscular) tension of
varying intensity tires the body of highly qualifi ed athletes to a lesser extent, which makes it possible to reveal their high stress resistance to overloads. Th us,
saliva can serve as an indicator of mental and physical stress in the bioluminescent method.
It is planned to develop new express methods for pre-trip inspections of railway employees

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in oxytocin, sociability and anxiety of CD157 mutants in
a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Scientifi c
Reports. 2020;22;10(1):10035. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-
57236-7

The cerebral cortex has markedly changed during evolution. Using our technique, here we examined the mechanisms regulating the number of
astrocytes in the cerebral cortex

1. Kawasaki H, Iwai L, Tanno K. Rapid and effi cient
genetic manipulation of gyrencephalic carnivores using in
utero electroporation. Molecular Brain. 2012;(5):24.
2. Kawasaki H, Toda T, Tanno K. In vivo genetic manipulation of cortical progenitors in gyrencephalic carnivores using in utero electroporation. Biology Open.
2013;2(1):95-100.
3. Shinmyo Y, Terashita Y, Dinh Duong TA, Horiike T,
Kawasumi M, Hosomichi K, Tajima A, Kawasaki H.
Folding of the Cerebral Cortex Requires Cdk5 in Upper-Layer Neurons in Gyrencephalic Mammals. Cell
Reports. 2017;29;20(9):2131-2143. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.024.
4. Shinmyo Y, Saito K, Hamabe-Horiike T, Kameya N,
Ando A, Kawasaki K, Dinh DTA, Sakashita M, Roboon J,
Hattori T, Kannon T, Hosomichi K, Slezak M, Holt MG,
Tajima A, Hori O, Kawasaki H. Localized astrogenesis
regulates gyrifi cation of the cerebral cortex. Science Advances in Press. 2022; 8(10):eabi5209.

To identify the age characteristics of the psycho-emotional tension of the indigenous inhabitants of the Arctic (Evenks), permanently residing in
the Olenek Evenki national region. Th e highest level of psycho-emotional stress is found in Evenk men in the age group of 35-50 years, and in Evenk women in the age group of 51-64 years.

1. Taylor JA. Th e relationship of anxiety to the conditioned eyelid response. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1953;(42):183-188.
2. Spielberger CD. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety
Inventory (Form Y): Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden; 1983.
236 p

Th e aim of the research. Internet addiction (IA) is a relatively new psychological phenomenon having signs of a social epidemic, specifi cally attributed to
vulnerable groups (adolescents). Th e prevalence of IA among adolescents varies depending on the studied ethnosocial groups and the diagnostic criteria.
In Europe, the prevalence of IA among adolescents is on average 4.4 % [1]. In Asian countries (China, South Korea, Japan, etc.), the prevalence of IA is
signifi cantly higher – 8.1-26.5 % [2]. Th e genetic component of developing Internet addiction was shown by twin studies using various populations, however,
to date, the specifi c genes involved in the mechanisms of such heritability are not exactly identifi ed [3].
Th e purpose of with work was to study the prevalence of Internet addiction options, diff erent in severity, addiction pattern and content, in adolescents
from ethnically diff erent cities, to assess the frequency of mental and somatic comorbidity in selected groups, to investigate the associative role of candidate
neurotransmitters and to conduct a population analysis of polymorphisms of candidate genes oxytocin-, dopamine-, serotonin-, norepinephrine-, melatoninand nicotinergic neurotransmitter systems.
Material and methods. Th e study of genetic predisposition to IA included adolescents living in Krasnoyarsk (n = 359), adolescents from Abakan (n = 150)
and from Kyzyl (n = 200). In total 16 SNPs were genotyped by RT-PCR.
Results. For the fi rst time, data were obtained on the prevalence of IA among urban adolescents in Central Siberia – pathological Internet addicted behavior
was registered in 6.8 % of an unbiased school sample in Krasnoyarsk (using a CIAS scale). Th e Internet addiction structure was as follows: Adaptive Internet
Usage (expected frequency 60-75 %), revealed frequency – 46.9 %; Non-adaptive Internet Usage (expected frequency 20-30%), revealed frequency – 31.3 %
and Internet Addiction (expected frequency 5-10 %), revealed frequency – 21.8. It is noteworthy that the frequency of non-adaptive adolescents among
Tuvans is 45 %.
Conclusion. Genotypes including the T allele rs1044396 CHRNA4 can be considered protective against IA among the Caucasians, while the CC genotype
is predisposing to IA. Th e heterozygous variant CG rs2229910 NTRK3 can be considered protective against IA, and the GG genotype is predisposing to
pathological IA among the Caucasian adolescents.

1. Kaess M, Parzer P, Brunner R, Koenig J, Durkee T,
Carli V, Wasserman C, Hoven C, Sarchiapone M, Bobes J,
Cosman D, Värnik A, Resch F, Wasserman D. Pathological
internet use is on the rise among European adolescents.
Journal of Adolescent Health. 2016;59(2):236-239. DOI:
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.009
2. Cerniglia L, Zoratto F, Cimino S, Laviola G, Ammaniti M, Adriani W. Internet addiction in adolescence:
neurobiological, psychosocial and clinical issues. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2017;76(Pt A):174-184.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.024
3. Long EC, Verhulst B, Neale MC, Lind PA, Hickie IB,
Martin NG, Gillespie NA. Th e genetic and environmental
contributions to internet use and associations with psychopathology: a twin study. Twin Research and Human
Genetics. 2016;19(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1017/thg.2015.91

Th e aim of the research. To study the impact of using various methods of educational kinesiology in the process of learning to play a wind
instrument. Materials and methods. Analysis of the formation of the kinesiological direction in the context of its historical development. Adaptation of
exercises, which are borrowed from educational kinesiology to the system of music education. Results. Th e emergence of musical kinesiology as a separate
branch of kinesiology. Consideration of its positive impact on the process of learning to play a wind instrument and, as a result, an increase in the quality
of training of musicians. Conclusion. Th e use of kinesiological methods helps to diversify classes in musical institutions and helps to increase interest in the
profession of a performer. Confl ict of interest. Th e authors declare the absence of obvious and potential confl icts of interest associated with the publication of this article

1. Karimi, Furugh. Music Gym :Eff ektiv üben und
unterrichten stressfrei musizieren (mit Übungen aus
Musik-Kinesiologie und nach Brain-Gym®. Furugh
Karimi. Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel, 2016; 80 р

Th e value self-determination of adolescents is a process of self-organization, balancing on the edge of chaos fi lled with attractors. Pedagogical
support of value self-determination is a resonance excitation of the system in a state of chaos (psychological trauma). Pedagogical infl uence at the point of
bifurcation causes the “attraction” of positive attractors, the formation of new value structures.

1. Vygotsky LS. Lectures on pedology. Izhevsk: Udmurt
University Publishing House; 2001. 304 p. (In Russian)
2. Jaspers K. Philosophy. Enlightenment of existence.
M.: Canon; 2012. 448 p. (In Russian)
3. Knyazeva EN, Kurdyumov SP. Synergetics: Nonlinearity of time and landscapes of coevolution. M.:
KomKniga; 272 p. (In Russian)

Domestication is one of the important evolutionary and genetic problems of biology. It addresses fundamental evolution aspects as well as allows
us to study mechanisms of aggression, pro-social behavior and anthropogenesis. One of the potential key mechanisms of domestication may be associated
with the central oxytocin (OT) system. OT has been repeatedly shown to exhibit pro-social and anxiolytic eff ects rodents, dogs, humans and other species [1].
In our study, we used intranasal OT administration on Siberian tame foxes and non-selected one. It is well-known experimental domestication model of. Th e
OT eff ect on behavior had been investigated in intermale interactions (triple cage aft er adaptation) and human contact (new enclosure).
OT administration increased patterns of playful (crouches on paws), affi liative (friendly) behavior, motor (fast move) and mixed activity in male-to-male
interactions in tame foxes, whereas in case of unselected foxes, OT administration increased behavior patterns associated with anxiety (latent time for home
cage exit, freezing, total time in home cage). In fox-human interactions, OT administration had the greatest eff ect on increasing the time tamed fox stayed at
less than a meter away from a human. It is this parameter that is the defi ning one in similar tests on dogs.
Th e results allow to suggest that OT has a context-dependent eff ect rather than explicitly pro-social eff ect in the tests, therefore amplifying the perception of
social conditions according to the social salience hypothesis of OT.
OT eff ect is associated with emotional positive and negative animal behaviors toward human that could be related to the genotype. Such OT eff ect might
separate animals into more or less tolerant to humans under the same early domestication conditions.

1. Herbeck YuE, Eliava M, Grinevich V, MacLean EL.
Fear, love, and the origins of canid domestication: An
oxytocin hypothesis. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2022;(9):100100. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.
100100

Emotions play one of the most integral roles in human experience, but it is still considered diffi cult to explain scientifi cally. From an evolutionary
perspective, emotions greatly contribute to the ability to survive. If until recently we were talking about an epidemic of aff ective disorders and that they occupy a
leading position in the structure of brain diseases, now the situation is aggravated by a dramatic increase in the number of aff ective disorders during the COVID-19
pandemic. In this article, we discuss the anatomical and biochemical basis of emotion formation and how it relates to cognition and emotional intelligence.

1. Yang Y, Wang J-Z. From Structure to Behavior in Basolateral Amygdala-Hippocampus Circuits. Front. Neural
Circuits. 2017;(11):86. DOI:10.3389/fncir.2017.00086
2. Rolls ET. Th e cingulate cortex and limbic systems
for emotion, action, and memory. Brain Structure and
Function. 2019;(224):3001–3018. DOI: 10.1007/s00429-
019-01945-2
3. Liang F, Xu Q, Jiang M, Feng R, Jiang S, Yuan B, Xu S,
Wu T, Wang F, Huang JH. Emotion Induced Monoamine
Neuromodulator Release Aff ects Functional Neurological
Disorders. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.
2021;(9):633048. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.633048
4. Engen HG, Anderson MC. Memory Control:
A Fundamental Mechanism of Emotion Regulation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2018;(22):982–995.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.07.015
5. Operto FF, Precenzano F, Bitetti I, Lanzara V,
Fontana ML, Pastorino GMG, Carotenuto M, Pisani F,
Polito AN, Smirni D, Roccella M. Emotional Intelligence in Children with Severe Sleep-Related Breathing
Disorders. Behavioural Neurology. 2019;(2019): 1–6.
DOI: 10.1155/2019/6530539

Abstracts of the report on the study of the standard of living of students in the period 2018-2021. Th e study revealed mental problems of rejection
of poverty among people with higher education. Th is phenomenon should be taken into account when forming the design of social research.

1. Crouch, L., & Gustafsson, M. (2018). Worldwide inequality and poverty in cognitive results: Cross-sectional
evidence and time-based trends (RISE-WP 18/019). University of Oxford. Accessed February 10, https://riseprogramme.org/sites/default/fi les/2020-11/RISE_WP-019_
Crouch-Gustafsson.pdf
2. Fry, R.& Horowitz, J. & Pumphrey J. (2019). A Rising
Share of Undergraduates are From Poor Families, Especially at Less Selective Colleges. Pew Research Center, May
2019, Accessed February 10 , https://www.pewresearch.
org/social-trends/2019/05/22/a-rising-share-of-undergraduates-are-from-poor-families-especially-at-less-selective-colleges/

Abstract. A modern assessment of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders indicates an increase in the number of patients [1]. As a rule, rates up to 3-4
cases per 10,000 of the population refl ect the prevalence of typical forms of autistic disorders, such as early childhood autism and Kanner’s syndrome [2]. With
a broader assessment of other disorders that are included in the group of general disorders of mental development, the prevalence rates increase from 7.6 per
1000 to 157 per 10,000 [3, 4]. A signifi cant increase in patients with childhood and older autism inevitably leads to the actualisation of scientifi c research on
social problems [5].
Th e aim of the research: to study the social characteristics of patients with autistic disorders of childhood, hospitalised in a psychiatric hospital for the fi rst
time.
Results: a ccording to the results of a comparative analysis, children with autism were signifi cantly more have a disability group than children with mental
retardation (53.3 % and 13.5 %, p<0.05), and were also signifi cantly less to be social orphans and were fully supported by the state till the time of fi rst
hospitalisation (2.6 % and 35.1 %, p<0.05). It was found that a relatively comparable number of children of both groups lived in single-parent families (20.5 %
and 25.7 %); statistical signifi cance corresponded to the level of random diff erences in this indicator. Th ere was a clear trend towards a more prosperous
situation for autistic children. Patients with autism spectrum disorder were less likely than those with intellectual disability to be in care (5.1 % vs. 21.6 %)
and also less likely to have parents with alcohol or drug addiction (7.7 % vs. 20.3 %). However, the assessment of statistical signifi cance in order to recognise
the signifi cant diff erences between groups in these parameters did not reach a statistically signifi cant level.
Conclusions: it was found that paediatric patients with autism spectrum disorders, who were fi rst hospitalised in a hospital, were signifi cantly more come
from a more prosperous family environment than patients with mental retardation.

1. Fombonne E. Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatric Research. 2009;65(6):591-598.
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2. Newschaff er CJ, Croen LA, Daniels J, Giarelli E,
Grether JK, Levy SE, Mandell DS, Miller LA, Pinto-Martin J, Reaven J, Reynolds AM, Rice CE, Schendel D, Windham GC. Th e epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders.
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1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007
3. Baxter AJ, Brugha TS, Erskine HE, Scheurer RW,
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autism spectrum disorders. Med. 2015;45 (3):601-613.
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4. He P, Guo C, Wang Z, Chen G, Li N, Zheng X.
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5. Ruggieri V, Gómez JLC, Martínez MM, Arberas C.
Aging and Autism: Understanding, Intervention, and Proposals to Improve Quality of Life. Current Pharmaceutical
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Serotonin system participates in control of feeding behavior and energy balance jointly with hypothalamic neurohormonal systems. Tryptophan
hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) is a key enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis in CNS. We compared TPH2 level in the hypothalamus and the midbrain and to evaluate
neuroprotective mechanisms activated in metabolic syndrome.

1. Carkaci-Salli N, Salli U, Kuntz-Melcavage KL, Pennock MM, Ozgen H, Tekin I, Freeman WM, Vrana KE.
TPH2 in the ventral tegmental area of the male rat brain.
Brain Research Bulletin. 2011;84 (6):376-380.
2. Mikhailova EV, Romanova IV, Derkach KV, Vishnevskaya ON, Shpakov AO. Th e Eff ect of Diet-Induced
and Melanocortin Obesity on Expression of Tryptophan
Hydroxylase 2 in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus and Ventral Tegmental Area in Mice. July 2019. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 55(4):293-301
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3. Mikhailova EV, Sviridova DL, Romanova IV, Derkach KV, Shpakov AO. Eff ects of Diet-Induced and Melanocortin Obesity on the Expression of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 in Midbrain and Hypothalamus Neurons in Mice.
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2021;51(5):666-
672. DOI: 10.1007/s11055-021-01119-w
4. Romanova IV, Derkach KV, Mikhrina AL, Sukhov
IB, Mikhailova EV, Shpakov AO. Th e leptin, dopamine
and serotonin receptors in hypothalamic pomc-neurons
of normal and obese rodents. Neurochemical Research.
2018;43 (4):821-837.

In the mammalian brain AgRP is expressed in the neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Th e obtained data indicate the inhibitory
eff ect of AGRP on the DA- and NE- brain neurons, which can eff ect through GPCR asossiated MCR3/4 signaling and through GPCR uncoupled.

1. Mikhrina AL, Saveleva LO, Morina Iyu, Romanova IV. Th e role of the active fragment AgRP 25-51 in the
regulation of the functional activity of norepinephrinergic neurons locus coeruleus and in the biosynthesis of
norepinephrine. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry
and Physiology. 2021;57(6):1490-1498. DOI: 10.1134/
S0022093021060259
2. Mikhrina AL, Saveleva LO, Alekseeva OS, Romanova IV. Eff ects of Active Fragments AgRP 83-132 and 25-51
on Dopamine Biosynthesis in the Brain. Neuroscience and
Behavioral Physiology. 2020;50(3):367-373. DOI 10.1007/
s11055-020-00908-z
3. Ollmann MM, Wilson BD, Yang YK, Kerns JA, Chen
Y, Gantz I, Barsh GS. Antagonism of central melanocortin
receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein.
Science. 1997;278(5335):135-138.